重组率、交换率和图距之辨析及其蕴含的思政元素
2021-07-19卜兴江魏蒙
卜兴江 魏蒙



摘 要:重组率、交换率和图距这三个名词是进行基因定位分析的重要概念,但很多教科书将重组率和交换率混为一谈,从而导致利用图距作连锁图时出现错误;文章根据相关文献资料及作者十多年的教学体会阐明重组率与交换率之间的区别以及二者与图距之间的关系;同时利用连锁图中蕴含的思政元素,加强学生对这些概念的理解和掌握。
关键词:重组率;交换率;图距;连锁图
中图分类号:G641 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2096-000X(2021)17-0189-04
Abstract: The three terms of recombination fraction, crossing over percentage, and map distance are important concepts for gene mapping analysis, but many textbooks confuse the recombination fraction and crossing over percentage, which leads to errors when using map distance to construct linkage map. Based on the relevant literature and the author's teaching experience of more than ten years, this article clarifies the difference between the recombination fraction and crossing over percentage, and the relationship between them and map distance. Meanwhile, the ideological and political elements contained in the linkage map are used to strengthen students' understanding and mastery of these concepts.
Keywords: recombination fraction; crossing over percentage; map distance; linkage map
摩尔根(T. H. Morgan)提出的连锁互换定律是遗传学课程中重要的内容,也是基因定位和连锁图(染色体图,遗传学图)绘制的基础。而要进行基因定位和绘制连锁图,就必须清楚重组率、交换率及图距三者的概念以及它们之间的关系,如果不能正确理解这三者的含义,也就很难绘制正确的连锁图。但目前国内外多数遗传学教材对这三个概念说法不一[1-5],尤其对三者之间关系要么一笔带过,要么语焉不详;这更是加大了初学者理解三者关系的难度,学生在做这部分练习题时经常将重组率等同于交换率,直接将重组率去掉%视作遗传距离,这样极有可能会出现错误,特别是两侧较远基因的重组率与交换率不一定相等。作者近年一直教授生物科学师范专业学生的遗传学课程,与其他非师范专业相比,这部分内容对师范专业学生更为重要;虽然在高中生物教材未涉及连锁互换定律内容,但在生物竞赛和高……
