霍冰

摘  要：理论力学是理工类院校的一门重要的专业基础课，也是学生口中枯燥乏味、深奥难懂的代名词。如何一改往日刻板形象，使之成为一门生动活泼、深受欢迎的课程，是力学教学改革中的一个重要课题。而合理的课堂设计是上好一门课的核心要素。文章以理论力学中静力学部分的静力学公理为例，以一个工程问题为主线，逐一引出并分析每一个静力学公理及其背后蕴藏的深刻含义，通过讲述静力学公理平凡的内容展现其在解决问题时不平凡的作用。该问题将静力学各公理串联起来，加强了公理间的逻辑关系。同时结合雨课堂线上教学互动平台，发挥学生主观能动性并对堂课效果进行检验。

关键词：高校课程;理论力学;课堂设计;雨课堂

中图分类号：G640        文献标志码：A          文章编号：2096-000X（2021）17-0096-04

Abstract： Theoretical Mechanics is an important professional basic course in colleges of science and engineering， but also a label of vapidity and reconditeness. An important issue of educational reform has thus carried out， transforming the Theoretical Mechanics from stereotype into a vigorous and popular course. And anappropriate lesson design is the key element of a successful lesson. Axioms of statics in Theoretical Mechanics are made as an examplein this paper. An engineering problem is raised throughout the text， every axiom is then proposed and the profound implications areanalyzed. The extraordinary roles played by axioms of statics in engineering problem solving are performed through stating their ordinary contents. The engineering problem connectsall the axioms， enhancing the logical relationships among the axioms. Rain classroom is simultaneously applied to stimulate the subjective initiative of students and checkout the learning outcomes.

Keywords： college courses; Theoretical Mechanics; lesson design; rain classroom

理論力学是研究物体机械运动一般规律的科学[1]，是许多后续课程的基础[2]。而静力学公理作为理论力学开篇的第一讲[3]，尤为重要。静力学公理研究的是普遍、最一般的力学规律，同时也是最基础、最简单的规律，又因学生在中学时积累了一定的力学知识，对静力学公理有所了解[4-5]，因此在教学过程中往往会将其一带而过，忽略对该部分内容的深入剖析。然而静力学公理却蕴藏着丰富的内涵和强大的功能，所有的衍生定理和推论都建立在静力学公理基础之上，掌握静力学公理的精髓，才能为后续学习打下坚实基础。

在教学中，单纯通过理论知识的讲解并不能使学生更深刻地感受到静力学公理的魅力所在，也很难把握住各公理间的逻辑关系。……