李梦 李青

摘要 为进一步厘清设施蔬菜要素禀赋变动与要素替代变化，运用2008—2019年《全国农产品成本收益资料汇编》数据，建立生产函数对具典型代表性的设施黄瓜进行分析。结果表明：2008—2019年设施黄瓜生产过程中，劳动、资本投入呈稳步上涨的趋势，土地生产率和劳动生产率之间基本是呈现“双升”趋势，仅在2011、2018年间出现了下降现象，说明资本的重要作用凸显，农业生产在悄然变化。由此得出，劳动土地比和资本土地比均促进土地生产率的提高，但化肥折纯用量的作用并不显著;土地劳动比、资本劳动比以及机械作业费均对劳动生产率提高有着促进作用，其中机械技术代替劳动要素促进劳动生产率的提高，资金密集投入土地会使土地生产率提高。

关键词 设施蔬菜;C-D生产函数;要素替代;生产率

中图分类号 S-9-文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2021）11-0201-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.11.054

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Analysis of Substitution Relationship between Production Factors of Facility Cucumber in China

LI Meng，LI Qing

（School of Economics and Management，Tarim University，Alar，Xinjiang 843300）

Abstract In order to further clarify the change of factor endowment and change of factor substitution，the production function was established to analyze the typical facility cucumber by using the data of the National Agricultural Product Cost and Benefit Data Collection from 2008 to 2019. The results showed that labor and capital input showed a steady rise in the production process of facility cucumber in the past 12 years， and land productivity and labor productivity basically showed a “double rise” trend， and only declined in 2011 and 2018， indicating that the important role of capital was prominent and agricultural production was changing quietly.The empirical results showed that the ratio of labor to land and the ratio of capital to land both promote the improvement of land productivity， but the effect of fertilizer conversion is not significant. The ratio of land to labor， the ratio of capital to labor and the operating cost of machinery all have a promoting effect on the improvement of labor productivity. Among them， mechanical technology replaces labor factors to promote the improvement of labor productivity， and intensive capital investment in land will make land productivity increase.

Key words Facility vegetables;C-D production function;Factor substitution;Productivity

隨着工业化、城市化进程的不断加速，劳动力资源稀缺问题凸显，导致劳动力要素禀赋约束不断强化，农业生产中各投入要素对产出的影响包含与该投入要素的变化，以生产要素间替代关系作为出发点，分析要素投入结构变动的趋势，探寻其内在原因对优化农业生产要素投入组合，种植结构调整具重要意义。近年来，随农业现代化发展，具劳动资本技术密集型的设施蔬菜产业发展迅猛。2018年，中国设施园艺面积达410万hm2，居世界第一位。劳动力、资本要素在现代农业生产过程中起到关键作用，但二者发生波动时，生产中会出现要素配置不合理、农民持续增收效果不佳等诸多问题及挑战。……