周弘媛 杨欣洁 周晓燕 包君俏

摘要 利用2015—2019年冬季柯桥区域站气象监测数据和丹家雪凇（雾凇）景观观测等资料，从气象条件、地形特点分析冬季气象景观形成特征及其成因。结果表明，丹家每年冬季均有气象景观出现，但年际变化、月际变化特征较明显，主要表现为1月出现的概率高于2月和12月，这与温、湿、风、雨等气象要素密切相关。冬季气象景观的形成对气温的要求严苛，日平均气温需低于1.0 ℃、日最低气温需低于-0.5 ℃，日最高气温需低于5.0 ℃;高湿度是冬季气象景观形成和维持的必备条件，形成阶段日平均相对湿度需超过99%，且形成当日或前1 d均有降水过程;维持阶段保持95%以上的高湿度即可;形成阶段需满足静风微风条件（平均风力≤3级，最大风力≤4级），并得出北风转为偏南风、平均风及最大风风力≥4级、极大风力≥5级等是冬季气象景观消融的关键性指标。

关键词 雪凇（雾凇）;气象条件;特征;成因;冬季;柯桥丹家

中图分类号 P-426文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2021）11-0198-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.11.053

開放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Analysis of the Meteorological Causes of the Winter Meteorological Landscape of Danjia in Keqiao

ZHOU Hong-yuan， YANG Xin-jie， ZHOU Xiao-yan et al

（Meteorological Bureau of Keqiao District， Shaoxing City， Zhejiang Province， Shaoxing， Zhejiang 312000）

Abstract Using the meteorological monitoring data of Keqiao Regional Station and the snow rime （rime） landscape observation data of Danjia in winter during 2015-2019，the formation characteristics and causes of the winter meteorological landscape were analyzed from the meteorological conditions and topographic characteristics.The results show that Danjia had a meteorological landscape every winter， but the characteristics of inter-annual and inter-month changes were more obvious.The main manifestation was that the probability of occurrence in January was higher than that in February and December， which was closely related to meteorological elements such as temperature， humidity， wind and rain.The formation of the meteorological landscape in winter had strict requirements on temperature. The daily average temperature must be below 1 ℃， the daily minimum temperature must be below -0.5 ℃， and the daily maximum temperature must be below 5 ℃;high humidity was a prerequisite for the formation and maintenance of the winter meteorological landscape. The daily average relative humidity during the formation phase must exceed 99%， and there will be precipitation on the day of formation or the first 1 day;high humidity above 95% is sufficient for the maintenance phase.The formation stage needs to meet the conditions of static breeze （average wind ≤ 3， maximum wind ≤ 4），and it was concluded that the northerly wind turns to the southerly wind， the average wind and the maximum wind force ≥ 4， and the maximum wind ≥ 5 were the key indicators for the ablation of the winter meteorological landscape.

Key words Snow rime （rime）;Meteorological conditions;Characteristics;Causes;Winter;Danjia in Keqiao

随着旅游业的快速发展，冬季气象景观作为一种旅游资源，已受到广泛关注，并创造了显著效益。2014年吉林市开始开发雾凇旅游资源，切实地将白雪变成了白银，打造了吉林市冰雪旅游经济新增长点[1-3]。有不少学者在雨雪冰冻灾害研究中，对形成雾凇的气象条件进行了研究，如王遵娅等[4]分析了有利于冰冻（雨凇和雾凇）发生的气象条件，得出低气温、高相对湿度和弱风速是冰冻产生的重……