郝浩浩 李亚飞 张翔 程培军 李亮 司贤宗 索炎炎 许晓敬

摘要 [目的]探索有机肥替代部分化肥对烟株品质提高的作用机理，研究不同有机肥配比对烟株生长发育、化学成分和经济效益的影响。[方法]通过设置不同氮水平和有机肥替代部分化肥5个处理，对烟株农艺性状、根茎叶干物质积累、叶片SPAD值、光合作用、烤后烟叶化学成分和经济效益进行研究。[结果]在常规氮用量条件下，有机肥替代25%化肥后，烟株叶片数和叶面积分别增加8.41%和3.11%，净光合速率增加25.34%，烤后烟叶总氮和烟碱含量分别下降28.72%和21.63%，产量产值分别增加13.63%和19.96%。经过相关性分析，烟株根茎叶干物质积累、烤后烟叶总氮、烟碱、钾含量和产量产值与栽后45 d煙叶SPAD值和光合作用呈正相关，相关系数达显著水平。[结论]有机肥替代部分化肥的作用效果与烟株光合作用密切相关。

关键词 有机肥;光合作用;化学成分;经济效益

中图分类号 S-572  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）12-0172-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.12.044

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of  Replacing of Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer on Development and Yield and Quality of Flue cured Tobacco

HAO Hao hao1，LI Ya fei2，  ZHANG Xiang2 et al

（1. Tobacco Company of Zhumadian， Zhumadian，Henan  463000;2.Institute of Plant Nutrient，Resources and Environment， Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou，Henan 450002）

Abstract [Objective] To explore thesis of replacing of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on increasing quality in flue cured tobacco， effects of chemical fertilizers with different organic manure on developing， chemical content and economic performance were studied.[Method]Five treatments were conducted， and agronomic character， dry matter accumulation， SPAD， photosynthesis rate， chemical content and economic performance were assayed and analyzed.[Result] After replacing of chetmical fertilizer with organic fertilizer under normal nitrogen condition， number of leaves and leaf area， Pn， yield and value increased by 8.41%， 3.11%， 25.34%， 13.63% and 19.96%， and total nitrogen and nicotine content decreased by 28.72% and 21.63%， respectively.Through correlation analysis， dry matter accumulation， total nitrogen content， nicotine and potassium content， yield and value were significantly positively correlated with SPAD and photosynthesis. [Conclusion]The effect of replacing of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on flue cured tobacco was closely correlated with photosynthesis in plant.

Key words Organic fertilizer;Photosynthesis;Chemical composition;Economic performance

近年来，烟农为了盲目追求产量，大量施用化肥，较少施用或不用有机肥，从而导致烤后烟叶化学成分含量不协调，降低了烟叶的工业可用性[1]。大量施用化肥，虽然在短时间内可以提高烟叶产量，但易造成土壤有机质下降、土壤养分比例失调、土壤微生物区系和多样性失调、土壤退化和营养环境恶化等土壤问题，对烟叶品质提高十分不利[2]。有机肥是一种富含有机质和大中微量元素的肥料，营养物质能完全释放到烟田，具有肥效较化肥长的特点，能够为烟株生长发育提供充足的营养物质[3]。……