杨晓丹 郭昊

摘要 村民委员会是《宪法》规定的基层群众自治组织，作为农村的常设机构，承担了农村绝大部分的公共服务工作。当下司法实践中存在大量涉及村民、村委会和行政机关三方利益的案例，并不是所有起诉村委会自治行为的行政案件都能被受理，村委会依委托行使权力时并不能成为行政诉讼的适格被告，对此学术界也存在一定争议。若把村委会的权力来源看作每个村民权利的让渡，则该权力之于本村村民即属于公权力的范畴，因此为保障村民权利的救济权，适时将其纳入司法审查的范围之内确有必要。

关键词 村民委员会;法律地位;行政主体;司法审查

中图分类号 D-921.8  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）12-0266-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.12.071

開放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

A Case Study of the Administrative Legal Status of the Village Committee

YANG Xiao dan，GUO Hao

（School of Public Management，Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University，  Fuzhou， Fujian 350007）

Abstract Villagers committees are grass roots self government organizations stipulated by the Constitution. As a permanent institution in rural areas， they undertake most of the public service work in rural areas. In current judicial practice， there are a large number of cases involving the interests of villagers， village committees， and administrative agencies. Not all administrative cases suing the village committees self government behavior can be accepted. When the village committee exercises its power on behalf of the commission， it cannot become an administrative lawsuit. There are also some disputes in the academic circles. If the source of the power of the village committee is regarded as the transfer of the rights of each villager， the power belongs to the scope of public power to the villagers of the village. Therefore， in order to protect the relief rights of the villagers rights， it should be included in the scope of judicial review in due course. It is indeed necessary.

Key words Village committee;Legal status;Administrative subject;Judicial review

根据党中央实施乡村振兴战略的要求，加强农村基层基础工作，构建依法治村新体系，必须深化村民自治实践。村民委员会（以下简称“村委会”）是乡村治理理念与中国特色社会主义密切相关、紧密结合下的产物，承担了政治、社会、经济等多项职能。法律中对村委会的主体地位规定不够明确，仅把村委会的部分行为纳入民事诉讼的范围，容易造成权利救济的盲区。从外部来看，村委会是村民自我管理、自我教育、自我服务的群众自治组织，但这样的自治权对内部的村民来说是否可以被视为属于公权力的范畴，村委会自治权引发的争议是否能被纳入行政诉讼范围内，特别是近年来村民与村委会之间矛盾冲突不断，村民诉村委会之类的案例络绎不绝，村民在权利受到侵害时如何找到正确有效的救济方式。……