徐绍伟 林凤 徐正国 李斌 裴为华 李忠奎 李红丽 王岩

摘要 为了研究生物菌剂对烟田土壤理化性质和土壤细菌群落的影响，在烟田施用不同微生物组合菌剂，利用高通量基因测序检测分析不同生长期土壤细菌群落结构，检测土壤理化性质，分析其变化和相关性。结果表明，菌剂可以使土壤pH提高0.44，复合菌剂能增加土壤细菌的多样性，改变土壤细菌群落结构，施用菌剂处理与对照之间差异较大。鞘氨醇单孢菌属和节杆菌属含量在施用菌剂的处理土壤中最高，可提高土壤氮素转化和作物的抗病性。有机质、速效钾、pH和含水率与土壤细菌极显著相关，碱解氮和有效磷为显著相关，可通过调节这些因子改变土壤细菌群落，进而改变土壤微环境，增强作物的抗病性。

关键词 生物菌剂; 细菌群落结构;环境因子;相关性

中图分类号 S-154.3  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）12-0167-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.12.043

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Biological Agents on Soil Physical and Chemical  Properties and Bacterial Community in Tobacco Field and the Correlation

XU Shao wei1，LIN Feng2，XU Zheng guo1 et al  （1.Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company Liangshan Company Dechang Branch，Dechang，Sichuan   615500;2.Dechang County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau，Dechang， Sichuan 615500）

Abstract In order to study the influence of biological agents on soil physical and chemical properties and bacterial community in tobacco field，different microbial combination agents were applied in tobacco field.The changes and correlations of soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed by high throughput gene sequencing.The results showed that the bacteria could improve soil pH by 0.44 ，and the compound bacteria could increase the diversity of soil bacteria and change the structure of soil bacteria community，which was different from the control.Sphingomonas and Arthrobacteria had the highest content in the treatment of applying biological agents，which could improve soil nitrogen transformation and crop disease resistance.Organic matter，available potassium，pH and water content were extremely significant correlated with soil bacteria，and alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus are significant correlation.Therefore，through adjusting these factors，soil bacterial community could be changed，and then soil microenvironment could be changed and disease resistance of crops can be enhanced.

Key words Biological agents;Bacterial community structure;Environmental factors;Correlation

土壤是农业生产过程中的养分来源和重要载体，良好的土壤条件是生产优质作物的基础。但由于近年来经济作物如烟草的长期连作致使烟田出现土壤环境恶化等问题[1]。研究我国各种土壤25年的数据发现，农田土壤发生不同程度酸化现象高达90%[2]，土壤pH降低影响相关微生物的多样性和酶活性[3]，烟叶中烟碱含量呈增加趋势[4]，同时土壤中钾、镁、钙的有效量下降[5]。烟草健康生长受不良耕作、施肥和管理等因素的影响，这些因素都会导致土壤微生态环境失衡，土壤调节能力降低，最終造成病害的严重发生[6-10]。……