江波 薛贞明 王静 徐济春 陈梦玲 武际

摘要 研究不同有机氮替代量对西兰花产量及品质的影响，为该地区西兰花优质高产技术应用提供科学依据。结果表明，有机替代能够不同程度地提高西兰花产量和品质。相较于不施化肥和全量化肥处理，有机替代处理西兰花产量分别提高30.6%～43.7%和4.7%～15.3%，其中有机氮替代30%时产量增加幅度最大。西兰花硝酸盐含量在有机氮替代30%时较不施化肥处理降低12.9%，替代50%时提高26.2%;维生素C含量在有机氮替代30%和50%时分别增加21.0%和2.9%。有机氮替代对西兰花还原糖含量的影响不明显。該试验条件下，有机氮替代30%时最有利于提高西兰花产量及品质。

关键词 有机替代;西兰花;产量;品质

中图分类号 S-635.3  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）11-0142-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.11.039

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Substitution Proportion of Organic Nitrogen on Broccoli Yield and Quality

JIANG Bo1，XUE Zhen-ming1，WANG Jing2  et al

（1. Agricultural Technology Popularization Center of Lujiang County， Lujiang， Anhui 231500;2. Institute of Research for Soil and Fertilizer，Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Anhui Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling，Resources and Environment，Hefei， Anhui 230031）

Abstract The effects of different substitution proportions of organic nitrogen on broccoli yield and quality were studied to provide scientific basis for higher production of broccoli. The results showed that organic substitution could improve the yield and quality of broccoli. Compared with no fertilizer treatment and the total chemical fertilizer treatment，the yield of broccoli in organic nitrogen substitution treatments increased by 30.6%-43.7% and 4.7%-15.3%， respectively， and the yield of broccoli reached the highest when organic nitrogen was replaced by 30%. The nitrate content of broccoli decreased by 12.9% and increased by 26.2% when the organic nitrogen was replaced by 30% and 50%， while the vitamin C content of broccoli increased by 21.0% and 2.9%， respectively. The effects of organic nitrogen substitution on reducing sugar contents of broccoli were not obvious. Under the condition of this experiment， replacing 30% of chemical nitrogen with organic nitrogen is the optimal proportion to improve the yield and quality of broccoli.

Key words Organic substitution;Broccoli;Yield;Quality

合理利用有机肥资源、有机肥替代部分化肥，是实现我国到2020年化肥零增长目标的重要途径之一。我国有机肥资源巨大且并未得到充分利用，因此采取有效措施，促进有机资源的开发利用对于我国粮食增产和资源有效利用具有重要意义[1]。配施有机肥能够增加土壤有机质、土壤微生物含量，改善土壤结构，提高土壤的养分容量[2]，减少养分通过地表径流、侵蚀和淋溶等途径流失，从而提高作物产量、改善营养品质[3]。目前，在玉米、小麦、马铃薯、水稻、蔬菜等作物开展了较多有机肥替代化肥的研究。研究表明，在相等的总氮量投入下，50%～100%是黄土高原干旱半干旱区砂田西瓜有机氮替代无机氮的适宜水平，对砂田西瓜增产增效提质作用显著[4];连续有机氮替代40%无机氮处理提高土壤质量和土壤微生物群落结构、提高土壤抑病性作用、满足香蕉生长、提高香蕉产量最为显著[5]。……