李付军 卢国彩 田洪平 管圆圆

摘要 为筛选防治蓟马的有效植物源杀虫剂，以缓解目前黄瓜生产中存在的适用杀虫剂品种少和抗药性严重等问题。 对3种植物源杀虫剂的2个浓度梯度防效进行了大田比较试验。结果表明，1%苦参碱可溶液剂和0.5%藜芦碱可湿性粉剂的防效表现较好，药后7 d防效达90%以上，能够有效控制田间蓟马的为害。另外，苦参碱（500倍液）和藜芦碱（600倍液）低浓度施用时的防效与吡虫啉和多杀菌素等常用杀虫剂防效相当。苦参碱和藜芦碱均具有较好的速效性和持效性，可在早期发生较轻时代替吡虫啉等常规化学药剂，且生产上推荐使用低浓度用药量。

关键词 设施黄瓜;蓟马;植物源杀虫剂;田间防效

中图分类号 S-482.3  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）11-0129-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.11.036

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Field Control Effects of Different Botanical Insecticides against Thrips on Cucumber

LI Fu-jun， LU Guo-cai， TIAN Hong-ping  et al

（Shandong Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Weifang， Shandong  261041）

Abstract Several effective botanical insecticides were screened out in order to alleviate the problems of few insecticides and serious resistance in current thrips control. The field trail of three botanical insecticides in 2 concentration gradients were conducted. The results suggested that 1% matrine soluble concentrate and 0.5% veratrine wettable powder displayed high effects， whose control effects could reach above 90% 7 days later， indicating they were able to effectively control the damage of thrips. In addition， the control effect of matrine （500 times dilution） and veratrine （600 times dilution） at low concentrations were equivalent to that of commonly used insecticides such as imidacloprid and spinosyn. Matrine and veratrine had good quick-acting and lasting effect， both of which could replace chemical pesticides such as imidacloprid in the early mild stage. And low concentrations of these two insecticides were recommended to use.

Key words Protected cucumber;Thrips;Botanical insecticides;Field control effect

濰坊是山东省农业大市，蔬菜生产已成为农民增收和企业出口创汇的支柱产业，设施蔬菜的种植面积更是常年居于全省首位。其中，黄瓜是山东设施蔬菜主栽种类之一，且多数为日光温室或塑料大棚栽培[1]。蓟马由于寄主广、个体小、世代交替现象发生严重、繁殖能力强等特点以及化学农药的不合理使用，已成为山东设施黄瓜生产中的主要害虫之一，严重时可使黄瓜减产40%[2]。

蓟马是缨翅目（Thysanoptera）昆虫的统称，种类多样。其中棕榈蓟马（Thripspalmi Karny）和花蓟马（Frankliniellaintonsa Trybom）在设施黄瓜生产中较常发生。该虫常藏匿于叶背面绒毛内，以成虫和若虫唑吸植株幼嫩器官的汁液，导致幼叶出现灰白色或黄褐色长条形失绿点，植株生长受抑制、节间缩短，幼瓜绒毛变黑、瘦小畸形、粗糙布满“锈皮”，严重时花叶干枯，幼瓜早落[3-4]。……