灌水量对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响
2021-07-16石学萍刘伊明王九明兰印超檀海斌
石学萍 刘伊明 王九明 兰印超 檀海斌



摘要 为准确掌握限水条件下冬小麦高产高效的灌溉制度,分析比较了2019—2020年(枯水年)冬小麦不同灌溉量处理(127、172、217、262、315 mm)对土壤水分含量、作物产量构成因素指标及水分利用效率等指标的影响。结果表明,随着灌溉量的增加,冬小麦产量构成因素千粒重、穗粒数、穗数变化趋势较一致,均为先增加后减少。当灌水量为127~217 mm时,随着灌水量的增加,千粒重、穗粒数、穗数显著增加;当灌水量为217~315 mm时,随着灌水量的增加,千粒重、穗粒数、穗数呈缓慢减少的趋势,但差异不显著。当小麦生育期灌水量217 mm、春季关键期3次灌水、每次灌水60 mm时,冬小麦产量和水分利用效率达到最高,分别为8 396.72 kg/hm2和19.19 kg/(hm2·mm)。
关键词 冬小麦;灌水量;产量;水分利用效率
中图分类号 S-512.1+1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)11-0051-02
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.11.013
开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Effects of Irrigation Amount on the Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat
SHI Xue-ping, LIU Yi-ming, WANG Jiu-ming et al
(National Engineering Research Center for Semi-Arid Agriculture, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011)
Abstract To accurately find out high-yield and high-efficiency irrigation system under water-limited condition in winter wheat, we compared the effects of five different irrigation amounts (127, 172, 217, 262, 315 mm)in 2019-2020 year on soil moisture content, crop yield component factors and water use efficiency. Results showed that with the increase of irrigation amount, yield component factors of 1 000-grain weight,grains per spike and ear number all increased firstly and then decreased. When irrigation amount was 127-217 mm, the 1 000-grain weight,grains per spike and ear number enhanced significantly. When irrigation amount was 217-315 mm, the 1 000-grain weight,grains per spike and ear number decreased slowly, but there were no significant differences. Under the conditions of 217 mm irrigation amount at growth period, 3 irrigation times at spring key period and 60 mm for each irrigation, the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat reached the maximum values, which were 8 396.72 kg/hm2 and 19.19 kg/(hm2·mm), respectively.
Key words Winter wheat;Irrigation amount;Yield;Water use efficiency
河北省屬于资源匮乏、地下水超采严重省份。地下水超采量和超采面积均为全国的1/3,是全国最大的地下水漏斗区。水资源总量从1980年的236亿m3下降到2018年的157亿m3[1]。河北省是小麦主产省份之一,小麦种植面积占河北省的40%以上[2]。但由于自然降雨分布不均,高耗水作物小麦生产主要依靠地下水灌溉。水资源缺乏是限制该区域小麦生产的重要因素。科研工作者在如何合理利用有限的农业水资源来实现小麦生产节水、稳产,提高小麦水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率方面上做了大量的研究[3-7]。鉴于此,通过土壤水分和作物生长发育状况的原位观测,笔者分析比较了小麦在不同限水量下的产量构成因素、作物产量及水分利用效率等指标,揭示不同限水量对小麦产量、水分利用效率的影响规律,旨在为河北省制定冬小麦节水高产的灌……p>
