姚远华 刘兰 张德龙 王行 王军

摘要 [目的]探討烤烟成熟期叶片衰老的生理机制，为提升烟叶田间耐熟性提供理论依据。[方法]以粤烟97为材料，采用随机区组设计开展大田试验，研究全生育期覆盖地膜、团棵期揭膜高培土和前膜后草3种覆盖栽培措施下，烤烟成熟期叶片的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和MDA含量，以及SOD、POD酶活性的动态变化。[结果]前膜后草的处理其叶片在成熟期各阶段的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量和SOD、POD酶活性均高于其他处理，而丙二醛含量也最低，烟叶衰老速度相对缓慢，且烤后烟叶的经济性状显著高于其他处理，烟叶化学成分协调性好。[结论]生产实践中，前膜后草覆盖结合高培土的栽培方式对延迟烟叶衰老、提高烟叶田间耐熟性、提高烟叶经济性状有重要作用。

关键词 烤烟;覆盖栽培;成熟期;衰老特性

中图分类号 S-572  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）11-0046-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.11.012

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Mulching Cultivation on Leaf Senescence Physiological Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco at Maturity Stage

YAO Yuan-hua1，2，3，LIU Lan1，2，3，ZHANG De-long4 et al

（1.Nanxiong Tobacco Scientific Research Institute of Guangdong Province，Nanxiong，Guangdong 512400;2.Guangdong Tobacco Leaf Production Technology Center，Nanxiong，Guangdong 512400;3.Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization，Nanxiong，Guangdong 512400;4.Beijng Jiawo Institute of Agriculutral sciences，Beijing 100080）

Abstract [Objective]To explore the physiological mechanism of leaf senescence in the mature period of flue-cured tobacco，and provide a theoretical basis for prolonging mature period of tobacco leaves in the field.[Method]Yueyan 97 was used as material to study the dynamic changes of chlorophyll，soluble protein，proline and MDA contents，SOD and POD enzyme activities of flue-cured tobacco leaves in mature stage under three mulching cultivation measures of mulching plastic film in the whole growth period，removing plastic film and cultivating deep soil in the cluster stage and straw mulching after plastic film uncovered.[Result]The contents of chlorophyll，soluble protein，proline and enzyme activities of SOD and POD in the leaves of the treatment with straw mulching after film uncovered were higher than those of other treatments，and the content of malondialdehyde was the lowest.The senescence rate of tobacco leaves was relatively slow，and the economic characters of cured tobacco leaves were significantly higher than those of other treatments，and the chemical composition of the tobacco leaves was well coordinated.[Conclusion]In the production practice，the cultivation method of straw mulching after film uncovered with high soil cultivation plays an important role in delaying tobacco leaf senescence，prolonging mature period of tobacco leaf，and improving  economic properties of tobacco leaves.

Key words Flue-cured tobacco;Mulching measures;Maturity stage;Senescence characteristic

烟叶的成熟度是决定烤烟品质的重要指标，而成熟采收是优质烟生产的关键。近年来，在粤北烟区普遍存在烟叶田间耐熟性差的现象，导致烟叶成熟度下降，严重影响了烟叶质量的提高和浓香型风格特色的彰显。耐熟性较差的主要障碍因子是生态和栽培，一方面是烤烟大田前期易遭受低温阴雨寡日照，造成前期烟株生长缓慢，还苗期、伸根期偏长;进入团棵期后，随着气温上升，烟株生长发育较快，仅20 d左右就进入现蕾期，旺长期偏短，造成烟叶干物质积累不够，内含物不充实;进入成熟期后，气温偏高，光照过强，易出现“高温逼熟”现象，造成烟叶落黄较快，烟叶耐熟性较差，烟叶假熟，成熟采收期偏短等问题。……