增温对宁夏引黄灌区大豆氮磷钾养分吸收利用和产量的影响
2021-07-16史云云张峰举许兴肖国举
史云云 张峰举 许兴 肖国举



摘要 为了探索气候变化对宁夏引黄灌区大豆氮磷钾养分吸收利用和产量的影响,利用田间大气自动增温设备研究不同增温处理(0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 ℃)下大豆不同生育期植株干重、不同器官氮磷钾含量、植株累积量和产量等。结果表明,增温0~2.0 ℃有利于大豆干物质累积、提高不同器官氮磷钾含量和植株累积量;大豆百粒重随着增温梯度的增加而增加,但是单株结荚数量随着增温梯度的增加而显著降低,最终导致大豆产量、收获系数和氮磷钾利用效率降低。
关键词 增温;大豆;氮;磷;钾;产量
中图分类号 S-565.1 文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2021)11-0032-06
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.11.010
开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Effects of Temperature Increase on Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Soybean in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area
SHI Yun-yun1,ZHANG Feng-ju2,XU Xing1 et al
(1.School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021;2.School of Ecology Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021)
Abstract In order to explore the impact of climate change on the absorption and utilization of soybean nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrients and yield in the Ningxia Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area,the field atmospheric automatic heating equipment was used to study plant dry weight at different growth stages,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content in different organs,plant accumulation and yield under different temperature increasing treatments (0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 ℃).The results showed that increasing the temperature from 0 to 2.0 ℃ was beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter in soybean,increasing the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in different organs and the accumulation of plants; the 100-grain weight of soybeans increased with the increasing temperature gradient,but the number of pods per plant significantly decreased with the increase of temperature gradient,and ultimately resulted in lower soybean yield,harvest coefficient and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium utilization efficiency.
Key words Warming;Soybean;Nitrogen;Phosphorus;Potassium;Yield
聯合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第五次评估报告指出,1983—2012年30年间全球几乎所有地区都经历了升温过程,综合多模式多排放情景模型预测21世纪全球平均气温增幅比1850—1900年可能超过1.5至2.0 ℃,并且升温过程不会在2100年终止[1]。气候变暖的影响从自然灾害到生物链断裂,涉及人类生存的各个方面,人们已切身感受到高温、水资源短缺、干旱蔓延、荒漠化加剧、生物物候异常、农作物减产等气候变暖引发的不利影响[2]。鉴于气候变暖为主的全球气候变化带给人类社会的重大影响,气候变暖对农业生产、农业生态的影响已成为科学界关注的热点[2]。
温度作为调控作物生长发育的关键环境因素之一,气候变暖对农作物的生长发育及产量形成具有重要影响。大豆是喜温而又较耐冷凉的作物,其生长对温度变化较为敏感。……
