摘要 为筛选适宜陇东地区机械化收获的高产、早熟、矮秆、耐密植酿造高粱品种，在种植密度为15万株/hm2的条件下，对引进的10个酿造高粱品种的物候期、农艺性状及产量进行了大田鉴定。结果表明，吉杂145具有株高适宜、穗柄长、茎秆粗壮、耐倒伏等特点，符合机收酿造高粱品种主要指标要求;同时其成熟早、植株生长整齐、抗病虫性强、穗型紧凑、穗子长、穗粒优势大，产量最高，其产量为9 747.74 kg/hm2，极显著高于其他参试品种，较对照品种增产30.06%，应作为机械化收获首选酿造高粱品种在陇东地区推广应用;吉杂168有较高的产量水平和机收相关性状，较对照增产19.68%，可作为机械化收获搭配酿造高粱品种在陇东地区种植;吉杂166、吉杂163和吉糯杂5虽然在机械化收獲和诸多农艺性状上有较好的表现，但增产水平较低，引进种植价值不大;其余5个品种均较对照明显减产，减幅为0.44%～30.65%，生产上不再考虑。

关键词 陇东地区;机械化收获;高产;酿造高粱;产量

中图分类号 S-514  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）11-0028-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.11.009

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Introduction and Selection of High-yielding， Early-maturing， Short-stalked and Dense-tolerant Sorghum Varieties Suitable for Mechanized Harvesting in Longdong Area

SHI Xiao-ying

（Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Pingliang，Gansu 744000）

Abstract To screen high-yielding， early-maturing， short-stalked and dense-tolerant sorghum varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting in Longdong Area， under the condition of 150 000 plants/hm2， we carried out field identification on the phenological period， agronomic characters and yield of 10 sorghum varieties. Results showed that Jiza 145 had the characters of suitable plant， long stem petiole， wide stem diameter and lodging resistance， which met the requirements for brew sorghum with mechanized harvesting. At the same time， Jiza 145 had the characters of early mature， uniform plant growth， compact panicle， long ear， great ear advantages.   Its yield was the highest （9 747.74 kg/hm2）， which was extremely higher than other tested varieties， and enhanced by 30.06% compared with the yield of control. Therefore， Jiza 145 should be the first extension choice in Longdong Area. Jiza 168 had relatively high yield and mechanized harvesting characters. Its yield enhanced by 19.68% compared with that of control， which could be planted in Longdong Area as the match varieties. Jiza 166， Jiza 163 and Jinuoza 5 showed relatively good performance in mechanized harvesting and agronomic characters， but their introduced planting values were relatively poor. The yield of other five varieties reduced significantly compared with that of control， decreasing by 0.44%-30.65%， so that they were not considered to be used in production.

Key words Longdong Area;Mechanized harvesting;High yield;Brew sorghum;Yield

高粱是全球第5大作物，具有抗旱、耐涝、抗盐碱、耐贫瘠、耐高温等特点，因此在平原、山川、涝洼、碱地均可种植[1] 。在中国，高粱是传统酿酒、酿醋产业的主要原料，85%以上的高粱用于酿造[2-3]。高粱是陇东地区主要杂粮作物之一，年播种面积0.7万hm2以上。由于域内一大批新兴酿造业的拉动，使得高粱年需求量达到18万t以上，然而外调的就占10万t左右，导致高粱产能严重不足[4]。生产机械化是高粱的根本出路[5]，其首先是高粱收获机械化[6]。……