刘春雪

[关键词] 支气管哮喘;喘息性支气管炎;毛细支气管炎;判别分析法

[中图分类号] R563.1          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）14-0023-04

Analysis on the clinical manifestations of children with asthmatic diseases according to the discriminant analysis method

LIU Chunxue

Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine， Tai′an Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Shandong Province， Tai′an 271000， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical manifestations of children with asthmatic diseases according to the discriminant analysis method， so as to make it form a more meaningful way of identification. Methods The etiology， clinical manifestation， imaging X-ray film and laboratory and other related auxiliary examination， treatment and prognosis， etc.， of 680 children hospitalized in Pediatric Ward of Tai′an Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2017 to June 2019 who were diagnosed as bronchiolitis， asthmatic bronchitis and bronchial asthma were collected， sorted， summarized and statistically analyzed. Results The clinical manifestations of the three groups of diseases were analyzed according to the discriminant analysis method， and the discriminant function and model were established for clinical differential diagnosis.The indexes included in the discriminant function were wet rales， age， shortness of breath， IgE， CRP and RSV， all with statistically significant differences（P<0.001）. After discriminant analysis， the typical discriminant functions of two dimensions were extracted， in which the first function explained 88% of all the variations， and the remaining 12% of the variations were explained by the second discriminant function. Conclusion In the discriminant analysis of children with asthmatic diseases， six indexes of wet rales， ages， shortness of breath， IgE， CRP and RSV， have important differential diagnostic value.

[Key words] Bronchial asthma; Asthmatic bronchitis; Bronchiolitis; Discriminant analysis method

兒童喘息性疾病是小儿呼吸科最常见的问题之一，也是较多发的，易出现急危重症的疾病之一。儿童喘息性疾病是常见于呼吸道的综合征，其最重要的特征为喘息的症状特点。有多种呼吸道疾病包括在其中，如支原体、衣原体感染、腺病毒肺炎、毛细支气管炎、喘息性支气管炎、喘息性肺炎、支气管哮喘、婴幼儿哮喘等[1]。但其中毛细支气管炎（又称喘憋性肺炎，简称毛支）、急性喘息性支气管炎（可简称为喘支）和儿童支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）为其中最为主要的三种临床类型。据报告，全国城市14岁以下儿童哮喘的累积患病率自1990年逐年递增[2]，严重影响我国儿童的生活与学习。较好地鉴别三种主要喘息性疾病，具有重要的临床意义。因此利用判别分析的方法制定儿童喘息性疾病的鉴别诊断，为有效的诊断和治疗提供更为明确的参考依据，可以更好地服务于临床。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

回顾性研究2017年6月至2019年6月泰安市儿童医院儿科病房住院并诊断为毛细支气管炎、喘息性支气管炎以及支气管哮喘的680例患儿的住院资料。

1.2 纳入标准

诊断标准符合《诸福棠实用儿科学》第7版中毛细支气管炎（喘憋性肺炎）以及喘息性支气管炎、支气管哮喘的诊断标准[3]。

1.3 分组

把所有研究对象按照我院的出院诊断及编码分为以下组列：毛细支气管炎组（A组244例）、喘息性支气管炎组（B组304例）、支气管哮喘组（C组132例）。……