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钠盐内注-外涂添加对减钠盐传统培根滋味的影响

2021-07-11杨冠华王赛郜娜任晶晶熊嘉皓马飞陈从贵

肉类研究 2021年5期

杨冠华 王赛 郜娜 任晶晶 熊嘉皓 马飞 陈从贵

摘 要:基于培根的减盐化加工工艺,在钠盐使用量1.5%水平下,研究内注-外涂钠盐添加方式对减钠盐培根钠离子释放量、游离氨基酸含量、5-呈味核苷酸含量、等效鮮味浓度及滋味感知的影响。结果表明:内注-外涂添加方式可减少减钠盐生培根烤制期间5-呈味核苷酸的损失,增加游离氨基酸的释放,提高其等效鲜味浓度,显著加快培根咀嚼过程早期钠离子的释放量(P<0.05),显著增强咸味感(P<0.05);且注射0.6%+表面涂盐0.9%组与注射2.5%钠盐组相比,咸味和鲜味得分均无显著差异。由此可见,钠盐内注-外涂的复合添加方法能够在保持培根咸味的情况下具有减少约40%钠盐含量的应用潜力。

关键词:钠盐;培根;减钠盐;滋味;注射-外涂

Effect of Combined Injection and Coating of Sodium Salt on Taste of Reduced-Sodium Bacon

YANG Guanhua1, WANG Sai1, GAO Na1, REN Jingjing1, XIONG Jiahao1, MA Fei1,2, CHEN Conggui1,2,*

(1.School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China;

2.Engineering Research Center of Bioprocess, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China)

Abstract: In order to reduce the sodium content of bacon products, the effects of combined sodium salt injection and coating on sodium release during chewing, free amino acid content, 5-nucleotide content, equivalent umami concentration (EUC) and sensory attributes in reduced-sodium bacon were investigated at salt addition level of 1.5% in this study. The results showed that the combined method could reduce the degradation of 5-nucleotides, increase the release of free amino acids and impart a high EUC to roasted bacon. The combination could also speed up the release of sodium ions from bacon in the early stage of chewing (P < 0.05), significantly enhancing the salty taste (P < 0.05). Moreover, there were no significantly difference in sensory scores for salty and umami taste between the 0.6% salt injection combined with 0.9% salt coating group and the 2.5% salt injection group. Consequently, the combined injection and coating of sodium salt has a potential application to reduce the sodium salt content by about 40% with maintaining the salty taste of low-salt bacon.

Keywords: sodium salt; bacon; reduced-sodium; taste; combination injection and coating

DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210219-039

中图分类号:TS251.5                                         文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2021)05-0017-06

引文格式:

杨冠华, 王赛, 郜娜, 等. 钠盐内注-外涂添加对减钠盐传统培根滋味的影响[J]. 肉类研究, 2021, 35(5): 17-22. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210219-039.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

YANG Guanhua, WANG Sai, GAO Na, et al. Effect of combined injection and coating of sodium salt on taste of reduced-sodium bacon[J]. Meat Research, 2021, 35(5): 17-22. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210219-039.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

培根是深受消费者青睐的一种西式传统肉制品,但其钠盐含量普遍较高,生培根的钠含量一般为715~1 570 mg/100 g(对应的氯化钠含量为1.8%~4.0%)[1],烤制后钠含量会进一步增加[2]。人类摄入过量的钠盐会增加患高血压、心血管等慢性疾病的风险[3-6]。“健康中国2030”规划纲要中明确提出,至2030年我国人均钠盐摄入量降低20%[7];培根的减盐已列入科技部“十三五”国家重点研发计划,开发减钠盐培根受到肉制品行业的重点关注。

目前的减盐策略主要有化学减盐、物理减盐、生理减盐3 种[8]。在食盐分布均匀的食品中,70%~95%的钠离子、氯离子不释放至唾液中,被食团包裹进入消化道,不能直接产生咸味[9]。优化食品中的钠盐分布,将钠盐分布于食品表面,利于促进钠离子和氯离子在口腔中更多释放,可获得更强的咸味感[8];这种物理减盐策略已成功应用于面包[10]、匹萨饼[11]、香肠[12]、薯条[13]、干酪[14]等产品。……

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