高广鑫 朱洁

摘  要：为了改善多品种小批量生产线操作者劳动负荷强度大、疲劳程度高、安全隐患多、生产效率低等现状，擬从人因工程角度面向实际多品种小批量生产线开展人因改进策略案例研究。具体的，以德朔公司某多品种小批量生产线为案例研究对象，基于生产现场改善理论和人—机—环境系统最优性原则，构建人因工程体系、划分5个人因子模块;在此基础上，采用动作分析、JACK仿真模拟和快速上肢评估方法，针对上述5个人因模块分别提出人因改进策略;进一步通过试点应用改进策略和对比分析，评价改进策略效果。提出的人因改进策略可以改善人机间作业环境，规范操作者作业动作，布局合理作息时间，打造安全、舒适的生产现场环境。

关键词：人因工程;多品种小批量生产;JACK仿真分析;案例研究

中图分类号：F273    文献标识码：A

Abstract： To improve the situation of operators of multi-variety and small batch production lines with high labor load， high safety hazards， and low production efficiency， a case study of human factors improvement strategies was carried out. Specifically， the multi-variety and small batch production line of the Z division of Deshuo corporation was taken as the case study object. Following the theory of production site improvement and the principle of optimality of the human-machine-environment system， human factors engineering system was constructed， and 5 human factors modules were divided. On this basis， motion analysis， JACK simulation and rapid upper limb evaluation methods were adopted， and human factors improvement strategies for the above five modules were proposed respectively. Further， through the application of improvement strategies and comparative analysis， the effectiveness of the improvement strategies was evaluated. The strategies can improve the operating environment between the human and the machine， standardize the operators' operations， arrange reasonable schedules， and create a safe and comfortable production environment.

Key words： human factors engineering; multi-variety and small batch production; JACK simulation analysis; case study

0  引  言

伴随着日趋个性化、多样化的客户需求和日益激烈化、动态化的市场竞争，多品种小批量生产已成为众多制造型企业的主要生产模式[1]。生产批次越多、批量越小，该模式对操作者的依赖程度越高。例如，德朔公司Z事业部的大部分生产线为多品种小批量手工生产线，产品生产批次较多，且生产线上的材料变动和调整次数会随着生产批次相应增多。因此，在实际生产作业中，很多操作者都会面临劳动负荷强度大、疲劳程度高、潜在安全隐患多等问题。

目前，针对人因改进策略的研究大多是面向大批量生产模式的，而针对多品种小批量生产模式的研究尚不多见。……