社会捐赠应急物资的信任管理机制研究
2021-07-05王晓光杨培蓓
王晓光 杨培蓓
摘 要:应急性质的社会捐赠物资具有数量散、种类多、频率大、分配急等特点,传统的管理机制由于难以实现该类物资的动态化追溯与透明化分配而产生了信任危机。因此,探索如何应用区块链先进技术完善社会捐赠应急物资的管理具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。文章剖析了社会性应急事件对于捐赠应急物资的需求和当前存在的主要问题,并在原有基础上构建起基于区块链的全流程追溯机制、公开化分配机制、积分式激励机制,以信任化的管理机制优化社会应急捐赠环境。
关键词:区块链;智能合约;社会捐赠;应急物资;信任管理机制
中图分类号:F252.1 文献标识码:A
Abstract: The social donation of emergency supplies is naturally of scattered quantity, various types, high frequency and urgent distribution. The traditional management mechanism has a trust crisis for the difficulty of realizing the dynamic tracing and transparent distribution of such supplies. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and practical value to explore the application of advanced technology to improve the management of social donation in urgent conditions. This paper analyzes the demand of social emergency events for donation of urgent supplies and the main problems existing. It constructs the whole process tracing mechanism, open distribution mechanism and integral incentive mechanism based on blockchain, so as to optimize the environment with the trust management mechanism.
Key words: blockchain; smart contract; social donation; emergency supplies; trust management mechanism
2019年12月突发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的重灾区在疫情爆发初期出现了医疗物资严重短缺的问题,社会各界纷纷通过各类公益平台捐赠应急物资。但是在对大量、频繁、小额捐赠物资的管理中,传统公益平台难以展示物资追溯及分配过程的短板愈加显现,导致部分公众的信任度有所下降,一定程度上影响了应急物资的社会捐赠工作的展开。
公众对于传统社会捐赠应急物资的管理机制的质疑,一方面是来自应急物资分配方案的不透明,平台个别内部人员具有私占部分应急物资的可能性;另一方面是中心化系统难以实现捐赠物资追溯的公开化,且可信度较低。区块链具有去中心化、公开透明、可追溯等特点,适于参与方之间存在信任问题、过程较长的业务,这正好契合了社会捐赠应急物资的信任化管理的场景。……
