冉文学 谢艮花 杨潇

摘  要：企业之间由于市场竞争使得库存共享变得越来越困难，导致资源的极大浪费。文章提出由供应商为主导的转运方式来实现零售商之间的库存共享，供应商通过与零售商之间建立买、卖双向的交易机制来协调零售商的库存，有效减少库存成本，提高供应链上各成员的利润。通过模型设计、计算分析并最终重新设置买入与卖出价格，使分散式供应链策略达到集中式供应链策略的水平。最后以一家家电制造公司为例来验证模型的实用性和有效性，得出转运价格策略。

关键词：供应商主导转运机制;库存共享;竞争市场;价格

中图分类号：F253    文献标识码：A

Abstract： Due to market competition among enterprises， inventory sharing has become more and more difficult， resulting in a great waste of resources. This article proposes a supplier-led transshipment method to realize inventory sharing between retailers. Suppliers coordinate retailers， inventory by establishing a two-way transaction mechanism between buying and selling with retailers， effectively reducing inventory costs and increasing supply. The profit of each member of the chain. Through model design， calculation and analysis， and finally reset the buying and selling prices， the decentralized supply chain strategy can reach the level of the centralized supply chain strategy. Finally， a home appliance manufacturing company was used as an example to verify the practicability and effectiveness of the model， and the transfer price strategy was derived.

Key words： supplier-led transshipment mechanism; inventory sharing; competitive market; price

0  引  言

随着市场的可变性发展，市场需求是供应链上不能确定的因素，需求的不确定导致产品流量的不确定。为了减少供应链末端成员的库存成本，通过库存共享实现产品的终端流动，供应商通过设置合理的价格机制将超过额定库存的零售商产品进行回收，并以合理的价格出售给缺货的零售商。Rudi等最早进行了有关库存共享的研究，通过研究公司不同地区的调货现象发现产品调货成本具有或高或低的现象，并利用相关模型求解出合理的转运价格实现零售商利润和联合库存利润一致[1]。对于库存共享策略，戴勇等学者将其考虑于全生命周期的供应链服务模型中，模型论证了库存共享可以作为企业运营策略优化的短期选择，并有利于提高企业的竞争优势[2]。……