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对边疆的法律治理:基于安全、经贸与环境议题的考察

2021-07-05孙南翔

东南亚纵横 2021年6期

孙南翔

摘要:中国具有漫长的陆地边界线以及海岸线。在陆地边界整体稳定的背景下,中国对边疆的治理已转向管边和用边。缅甸是第一个与中国签署边界协定的国家。基于重要的地缘优势和互补的经济效应,缅甸与中国在边境地区积极探索实现国土安全、贸易发展、生态环境保护相统一的法律治理机制。实践中,中国对边境的法律治理应以边境地区客观实践为出发点,坚守国家主权原则,坚持统筹国内法治与涉外法治,依法维护中国的主权、安全和发展利益。

关键词:边疆治理;缅甸;国土安全;边境贸易;生态环境保护

[中图分类号] D633            [文獻标识码]  A                [文章编号] 1003-2479(2021)06-012-10

Legal Governance of the Borderland: An Analysis on Security, Economic and Environmental Issues

SUN Nanxiang

Abstract: China is a country with long land borders and a long coastline. After the settlement of territorial disputes, the critical issue of state border protection is to control the border, as well as to pursue the development of borderlands. Myanmar is the first country that signed a border agreement with China. Based on the important role of geographical influence and complementary economic effect, Myanmar and China are actively exploring a legal governance mechanism in the border area to realize homeland security, trade development, and ecological conservation. In practice, China's legal governance across the borderlands shall be based on the requirements of border areas, adhere to the principle of national sovereignty, and safeguard the sovereignty, security, and development interests in accordance with domestic and international law.

Key Words:  Governance Across the Borderlands; Myanmar; Homeland Security; Border Trade; Ecological Conservation

中国具有漫长的边界线, 相比于海洋边界, 中国陆地边界整体稳定,虽然与印度、不丹等国边界谈判尚未完全解决,但已定国边界区域的工作重心已经由防边控边转向管边用边。边境安全、跨境经济、跨界水资源等方面的合作问题日益得到重视①。边界、边境、边疆是构成疆域的主要元素,疆域是国家存在和发展的前提条件。国家在特定疆域的基础上形成,同时也必须对自己拥有的疆域进行有效管辖和现代治理②。中共中央总书记、国家主席习近平指出,无论从地理方位、自然环境还是相互关系看,周边对中国都具有极为重要的战略意义③。中国深化改革开放需要和平安定的内外部环境,广泛的边境地区不仅为中国社会进步和经济发展提供场域,而且是推动中国和周边国家和平发展的重要着力点。……

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