王锐 孙杰 赵红军 孔俊

摘要：为了探究渗流水文过程对非饱和土质边坡稳定性的影响机制，建立了能够模拟地下水流和分析边坡稳定性的耦合模型。基于3种表述边坡水文过程的HSB模型开展建模对比分析，揭示边坡内非饱和渗流对水文过程的影响机制;通过耦合水文模型与边坡稳定极限平衡模型，比较了浅层边坡在不同水力渗流条件下，因邻近水位升降所造成稳定性系数变化的差异，探讨非饱和侧向渗流过程对浅层边坡稳定性的影响机制。分析结果表明，土体非饱和区的储水、释水能力和渗透能力影响着非饱和区域流的渗流流速大小;在浅层边坡中，非饱和侧向渗流作用可以促进水体在边坡内部的迁移而引起边坡内部水位的快速抬高，致使边坡稳定性降低，并导致边坡失稳时间提前。研究结果可以为临近地域水位变动区边坡工程实施提供相关技术参考。

关键词：水文地质学;滑坡;非饱和流;边坡稳定性;流域水文模型

中图分类号：P641文献标识码：ADOI： 10.7535/hbgykj.2021yx03012

Abstract： In order to explore the influence mechanism of seepage hydrological process on the stability of unsaturated soil slope， a coupling model was established to simulate groundwater flow and analyze slope stability. Based on three Hillslope-storage Boussinesq models describing the hydrological process of the slope， the modeling comparative analysis was carried out to reveal the influence mechanism of unsaturated seepage in the slope on the hydrological process. By coupling the hydrological model with the slope stability limit equilibrium model， the variations of stability coefficients of shallow slope caused by the rise and fall of adjacent water levels under different hydraulic seepage conditions were compared， and the influence mechanism of unsaturated lateral flow process on the stability of shallow slope was discussed. The results show that the water storage and release capacity and the permeability of soil in the unsaturated area affect the seepage velocity in unsaturated area. In the shallow slope， unsaturated lateral seepage action can promote the water movement in the slope， which will lead to the rapid rise of the internal water level of the slope and the reduction of the slope stability， resulting in the slope instability time. The research results can provide relevant technical reference for the implementation of slope engineering in the adjacent area with water level fluctuation.

Keywords：hydrogeology; landslide; unsaturated flow; slope stability; watershed hydrological model

中國幅员辽阔、人口众多，是世界上受到地质灾害影响较为严重的国家之一。随着人类生产生活需求的不断增长，开采资源的程度逐年递增，改造自然的力度不断加大，致使地质灾害的发生频率逐年增加。滑坡是一种受多因素影响的地貌改造过程[1]，也是最常见的一种地质灾害类型[2]。据统计，全球每年有数千人因滑坡事故而死亡或受伤[3]，给生产生活带来不可估量的损失。……