王驰 梁法春 何振楠 赵峰辉 王梦琦

摘要：为了最大程度减少溢油事故造成的环境污染及经济损失，对海底管道溢油扩散行为的影响因素进行研究。首先，利用流体力学软件建立了波浪条件下的二维有风模型，并进行了验证。其次，通过二维有风模型进行溢油模拟，分析讨论了原油密度、海浪波长、水面风速等因素对溢油扩散的影响。研究结果表明：1）建立的二维有风模型模拟结果比现有文献中模型更符合实验值，可靠性更高，可用于海底溢油情况的预测;2）原油密度会显著影响溢油到达海平面的时间及横向漂移距离;3）海浪波长对溢油上升速度有轻微影响，而对溢油横向扩散区域有显著影响;4）水面风速在溢油抵达海平面前几乎没有影响，但会加快抵达海平面后的扩散过程。研究结果可为溢油事故应急处理方案的制定及溢油的回收利用提供科学依据。

关键词：海洋环境工程; 海底管道; 溢油; 数值模拟; 波浪; 二维有风模型

中图分类号：TE88; X55文献标识码：ADOI： 10.7535/hbgykj.2021yx03002

Abstract：In order to minimize the environmental pollution and economic losses caused by the oil spill accidents， the influencing factors of the oil spill diffusion behavior of submarine pipelines were studied. Firstly， a two-dimensional model with wind under wave conditions was established by using hydrodynamics software， and then verified. Secondly， the oil spill simulation was carried out by the model， and the effects of crude oil density， wave length， and wind speed on oil spill diffusion were analyzed and discussed. The research results show that： 1） the simulation results of the established two-dimensional model with wind are more consistent with the experimental values and more reliable than the literature model， which can be used to predict submarine oil spills; 2） the crude oil density significantly affects the time to sea level and the lateral drift distance of oil spill; 3） the wave length has a slight effect on the ascent speed of oil spill， but significantly affects the lateral spread; 4） the wind speed has little effect on the process before the oil spill reaches sea level but accelerates the spreading process after arrival. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the formulation of emergency treatment plans and the recovery and utilization of oil spill.

Keywords：marine environmental engineering; submarine pipeline; oil spill; numerical simulation; wave; two-dimensional model with wind

隨着陆地油气资源的衰竭，海洋逐渐成为油气开发的战场。海底油气管线在遭遇腐蚀、极端恶劣天气以及第三方破坏等情况后，可能导致泄漏事故的发生。溢油事故不仅会造成巨大经济损失和社会危害，还将极大破坏海洋生态环境，并伴有长期不利的影响[1]。

为了预测溢油扩散的行为规律，近几十年来，国内外学者先后建立并发展了多种理论和模型。1972年，HIRST[2]首先建立了二维和三维浮射流溢油的数值模型，并利用海流作用下垂直浮射流轨迹的实验结果对模型进行了验证。……