杨建波 黄冬霞 凌健珍 刘芸渟 吴秋云 陈华

摘 要：為探究新鲜玉米秸秆在南方马铃薯生产中的应用价值，通过随机区组田间试验研究了6种覆盖栽培方式对马铃薯产量及效益的影响。结果表明，不同覆盖方式对马铃薯单薯质量、商品薯数量比率、薯长径和长短径比有显著影响，其中单薯质量和薯长径对鲜薯产量的直接效应较大，通径系数分别达到258.5和88.7。黑膜下覆盖3 cm厚粉碎秸秆处理的薯长径、长短径比、单薯质量、鲜薯产量和商品薯数量比率分别可达82.95 mm、1.62、0.153 kg、20 528 kg·hm-2和42.0%，黑膜下覆盖6 cm厚粉碎秸秆处理的分别可达82.91 mm、1.62、0.157 kg、19 369 kg·hm-2和41.5%，而黑膜下覆盖9 cm厚整根秸秆处理的则分别为82.36 mm、1.60、0.146 kg、15 102 kg·hm-2和32.5%。与膜下覆土栽培处理相比，黑膜下覆盖3 cm或6 cm厚粉碎秸秆处理的薯长径、长短径比、单薯质量、鲜薯产量以及单薯质量≥100 g的商品薯的产出均无显著差异，仅商品薯数量比率显著降低，而黑膜下覆盖9 cm厚整根秸秆处理的鲜薯产量、商品薯数量比率以及单薯质量≥100 g的商品薯的产出均显著降低。可见，黑膜下覆盖3 cm或6 cm厚粉碎秸秆的马铃薯覆盖栽培的生产表现与常规覆土栽培无明显差异，通过机械化进行膜下覆盖3～6 cm厚新鲜粉碎玉米秸秆的马铃薯覆盖栽培可实现冬种马铃薯的高效生产。

关键词：马铃薯;覆盖栽培;玉米秸秆;产量;经济效益

中图分类号：S532+S141.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）02-030-06

Effects of fresh corn stalks mulching on yield and benefit of potato

YANG Jianbo， HUANG Dongxia， LING Jianzhen， LIU Yunting， WU Qiuyun， CHEN Hua

（College of Agriculture and Food Engineering， Baise University， Baise 533000， Guangxi， China）

Abstract： To explore the application value of fresh corn stalks in the production of potato in southern China， a randomized block field trial was carried out to study the effects of six mulching cultivation methods on potato yield and economic benefits， the results showed that different mulching cultivation methods had significant effects on the single potato weight， rate of commercial potato amount， long potato diameter and ratio of long potato diameter to short potato diameter. The direct effect of single potato weight and long potato diameter on potato yield was larger， and the path coefficients of them were 258.5 and 88.7， respectively. The long potato diameter， ratio of long potato diameter to short potato diameter， single potato weight， potato yield and rate of commercial potato amount in the treatment with 3 cm thick grinding corn stalks mulching under black plastic film were 82.95 mm， 1.62， 0.153 kg， 20 528 kg·hm-2 and 42.0%， respectively， and those of the treatment with 6 cm thick grinding corn stalks mulching under black plastic film were 82.91 mm， 1.62， 0.157 kg， 19 369 kg·hm-2 and 41.5%， respectively， while those of the treatment with 9 cm thick whole corn stalks mulching under black plastic film were 82.36 mm， 1.60， 0.146 kg， 15 102 kg·hm-2 and 32.5%， respectively. Compared with the conventional overlay cultivation under black plastic film， no significant reduction was observed in the indexes like long potato diameter， ratio of long potato diameter to short potato diameter， single potato weight， potato yield and produce of commercial potato with single potato weight≥100 g， but the rate of commercial potato amount was decreased， while potato yield， rate of commercial potato amount and produce of commercial potato with single potato weight ≥100 g in the treatment with 9 cm thick whole corn stalks mulching under black plastic film were significantly lower. In conclusion， the performance of potato cultivation mulching with 3 cm or 6 cm thick thick grinding corn stalks under black plastic film was not significantly different from that of conventional overlay cultivation， and more efficient production of winter potato could be achieved by mechanized potato mulching cultivation with 3-6 cm thick grinding fresh corn stalks under plastic film.

Key words： Potato; Mulching cultivation; Corn stalks; Yield; Economic benefit

马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）块茎富含淀粉、蛋白质等营养物质[1]，是全球第三大重要的粮食作物。马铃薯是一种喜冷凉的作物，适应性强且产量高，在我国东西部地区广泛种植，特别是在北方一季作区和西南二季作区，种植面积占到全国马铃薯种植面积的80%左右。……