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萝卜硫代葡萄糖苷的研究进展

2021-06-30邱正明黄燕矫振彪朱凤娟严承欢

中国瓜菜 2021年2期

邱正明 黄燕 矫振彪 朱凤娟 严承欢

摘 要:硫代葡萄糖苷是一种广泛存在于十字花科植物中含硫和氮的次生代谢产物。萝卜中硫代葡萄糖苷含量较高且种类丰富,其中4-甲硫基-3-丁烯基硫苷(glucoraphasatin,GRH)含量最高。硫代葡萄糖苷经黑芥子酶降解可产生高生物活性的降解产物,如硫氰酸酯,异硫氰酸酯和腈等。上述硫代葡萄糖苷及其降解产物在植物病虫害防御、食品风味形成以及人体癌症治疗等方面均有重要作用。近年来,萝卜中硫代葡萄糖苷的生物合成途径及调控等方面的研究取得了较大进展。笔者综述了萝卜硫代葡萄糖苷的结构与种类、生物合成与降解以及影响因素等内容,旨在为萝卜硫苷的生物合成调控研究及其药食同源产品开发提供参考。

关键词:萝卜;硫代葡萄糖苷;生物合成;药食同源

中图分类号:S631.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)02-001-07

Research progress of glucosinolates in radish

QIU Zhengming1, HUANG Yan1, 2, JIAO Zhenbiao1, ZHU Fengjuan1, YAN Chenghuan1

(1. Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China; 2. College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China)

Abstract: Glucosinolates (GSLs) are sulfur- and nitrogen-rich  secondary metabolites, which distribute in cruciferous plants widely. In radish, the concentration and variety of glucosinolates is relatively high. Additionally, the concentration of glucoraphasatin (GRH) is the highest among the all GSLs of radish. Glucosinolates can be hydrolyzed by myrosinase to release highly biologically active products, such as thiocyanates, isothiocyanates and nitriles. Glucosinolates and their degraded products play important roles in deterring herbivores and pathogens of plant, food flavor formation and anticancer in the diet. Recently, researches on the biosynthetic pathway and regulation of glucosinolates in radish have been made great progress. In this paper, we reviewed the structures and types, the biosynthesis and degradation pathways, and influence factors of GSLs in radish, which would provide references for deciphering the biosynthesis and regulation of GSLs and developing the medicine and food homologous products of radish in future.

Key words: Radish; Glucosinolates; Biosynthesis; Medicine and food homologous

蘿卜(Raphanus sativus L.,2n=18)为十字花科萝卜属蔬菜,主要食用器官为肉质根,可菜用,也可入药,为传统药食同源植物。在我国,萝卜的常年种植面积约120万hm2,总产量约4 000万t,是我国重要的大宗蔬菜作物[1]。根据表型与使用目的,可将栽培萝卜分为5种类型:亚洲大萝卜(R. sativus var. hortensis)、欧洲樱桃萝卜(R. sativus var. sativus)、黑萝卜(R. sativus var. niger)、油用萝卜(R. sativus var. chinensis)以及鼠尾萝卜(R. sativus var. caudatus)[2]。

硫代葡萄糖苷(glucosinolates,GSLs)简称硫苷,又称芥子油苷,在十字花科植物中广泛存在。目前,国外对硫苷的研究比较深入,主要关注硫苷与其降解产物的吸收以及抗癌机制的解析,已取得重要突破。2019年,Lee等[3]报道了在青花菜中吲哚-3甲醇(硫苷降解产物)通过恢复抑癌因子PTEN蛋白的活性从而抑制癌症,为未来的临床研究提供了新策略。……

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