基于卡尔曼滤波和互补滤波的AHRS系统研究
2021-06-28蔡阳胡杰
蔡阳 胡杰



摘要:AHRS航姿参考系统中通常需要融合MEMS传感器数据来进行姿态解算,由于MEMS传感器自身的一些缺陷导致在姿态解算中会出现较为严重的误差。AHRS中常见对加速度计、陀螺仪和磁力计进行卡尔曼滤波、互补滤波的方法,由于使用单一的滤波算法时会出现误差,导致姿态角解算精度不高。本文采用卡尔曼滤波融合互补滤波的滤波算法,通过卡尔曼滤波对加速度计和陀螺仪起抑制漂移作用,进而得到最优估计姿态角,减小传感器引起的误差,再由估计值和磁力计经过互补滤波滤除噪声,提高姿态角的解算精度。仿真实验表明:融合滤波算法可以抑制漂移和滤除噪声,在静态和动态条件下,都有良好表现。
关键词:AHRS;MEMS;姿态解算;卡尔曼滤波;互补滤波
中国分类号:TP301 文献标识码:A
文章编号:1009-3044(2021)10-0230-03
Abstract: AHRS heading and attitude reference system usually needs to fuse MEMS sensor data for attitude calculation. Due to some defects of MEMS sensor itself, there will be more serious errors in attitude calculation. Kalman filtering and complementary filtering methods for accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers are common in AHRS. Due to errors when a single filtering algorithm is used, the accuracy of the attitude angle calculation is not high. In this paper, the Kalman filter fusion complementary filter filter algorithm is used to suppress drift of the accelerometer and gyroscope through Kalman filter, and then obtain the optimal estimated attitude angle, reduce the error caused by the sensor, and then pass the estimated value and the magnetometer. Complementary filtering filters out noise and improves the accuracy of attitude angle calculation. Simulation experiments show that the fusion filtering algorithm can suppress drift and filter noise, and it performs well under static and dynamic conditions.
Keywords: AHRS; MEMS;attitude calculation; Kalman filter;complementary filter
航姿參考系统AHRS(Attitude and Heading Reference System)由MEMS(Micro-Electro Mechanical System)惯性传感器三轴陀螺仪、三轴加速度计和磁力计的数据融合来进行姿态解算[1]。在进行姿态解算过程中,由于MEMS器件固有的一些缺陷,陀螺仪测量角度时使用积分,会存在积分误差,而且当陀螺仪静止不动时,也会产生漂移,加速度计会受到重力和振动的影响,磁力计会受到地理环境和自身环境干扰,导致进行姿态角解算时精度较低。
为了能够准确测量姿态角,提高精度,通常会将不同的传感器进行数据融合,并采用卡尔曼滤波算法和互补滤波算法以及以此为基础的衍生算法。文献[2]提出基于卡尔曼滤波的进行融合算法解……
