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基于来源原则的《高等学校档案实体分类法》反思

2021-06-16王子鹏

档案管理 2021年3期

摘  要:《高等学校档案实体分类法》(DA/T 10-1994)已被废止,档案界须直面一个问题:为何基于事由原则的行业标准能够指导高校档案实践近30年?该《分类法》重新演绎事由原则困境且非人力所及,高校档案管理早已变相回归来源原则。在后《分类法》时代,高校档案实践将回归常识、融入体系,教育部和国家档案局应聚焦高校特有档案类型制定行业标准。以“范式”为手段进行理论反思,认为“档案整理层面的研究”已形成“来源原则范式”,解决实践困惑依赖于拓展来源原则适用尺度,并警惕非范式理论过早应用于实践。

关键词:来源原则;针对性原则;大学档案;范式;《分类法》

Abstract: The "University PH(pH)ysical Archives Classification" (DA/T 10-1994) has been abolished,and the archival academic community must face a question: Why can industry standards based on the principle of pertinence guide the practice of Archives in colleges and universities for nearly 30 years? The "Classification" re-interprets the principle of pertinence of difficulty and is beyond the reach of human resources,and university Archives management has long returned to the principle of provenance in disguise. In the post-classification era,the practice of Archives in colleges and universities will return to common sense and be integrated into the system. The Ministry of Education and the International Archives should focus on the unique types of Archives in colleges and universities to formulate industry standards. Using "paradigm" as a means to carry out theoretical reflection,it is believed that "research on the level of Archives management" has formed a "provenance principle paradigm",and solving practical confusion depends on expanding the application scale of the provenance principle,and beware of the premature application of non-paradigm theory to practice.

Keywords: Principle of provenance; Principle of pertinence; University archives; Paradigm; ‘taxonomy

《高等学校档案实体分类法》(DA/T 10-1994,以下简称《分类法》)已被悄然废止,鲜有批判和反思的声音。在实践上,为了在全宗内保持分类方案的一致性和稳定性,高校档案工作适度沿用《分类法》无可厚非。但在理论上,档案学界亟须以《分类法》为研究对象,反思基于事由原则的档案行业标准为何能够指导高校档案实践近30年,且其负面影响仍将持续相当长的历史时期。

关于《分類法》是否违反来源原则一直存在争议。《档案工作基本术语》(DA/T1-2000)将“来源原则”定义为“把同一机构、组织或个人形成的档案作为一个整体加以管理的原则”。我国档案管理实践贯彻来源原则主要体现在设立全宗(“来源原则”又称“全宗原则”或“全宗理论”),强调同一来源的档案不能分散、不同来源的档案不能混淆。从全宗层面分析,一个高等学校通常被视为一个档案全宗,只要该高校档案全宗不分散且不与其它全宗混淆,其内部采用何种档案整理模式均应被视为符合来源原则。……

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