榛子良种选择及授粉树配置
2021-06-16梁春莉梁维坚于立杰聂洪超
梁春莉 梁维坚 于立杰 聂洪超

摘 要:榛子主栽品种不宜过多,本文介绍经过多年试种后在全国范围内综合性状表现良好的榛子优良品种,针对近几年北方许多北方榛子授粉品种花期雄花不开,南方雄花开放过早,雄花脱落等问题,经过3年全国普查,总结筛选适宜北部、中部、南部地区的授粉品种,并提出授粉树配置原则、比例及新方法。期待为提升榛子发展提供决策依据。
关键词:榛子;良种选择;授粉树
文章编号:2096-8108(2021)03-0087-03 中图分类号:S664.4 文献标识码:A
Selection of Improved Hazelnut Varieties and Arrangement of Pollinating Trees
LIANG Chunli1,LIANG Weijian2, YU Lijie1*,NIE Hongchao3
(1.Liaoning Agricultural Vocational and Technical College, Yingkou 115009 ,China;
2. Economic Forest Research Institute of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences ,Dalian 116000 ,China;
3. Fruits Research Institute of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yingkou 115009, China)
Abstract:In this paper, we introduce the excellent varieties of corylus which have been tested for many years and have good comprehensive characters in the whole country. In recent years, many northern pollinated varieties of corylus do not bloom at flowering stage, after a three~year national survey, the authors summarized and selected suitable pollinating varieties for northern, central and southern regions, and put forward the principles, proportions and new methods of pollinating tree configuration. Expect to provide decision~making basis for improving hazelnut development.
Keywords:Hazelnut; fine variety selection; pollinating tree
榛(Corylus heterophylla Fisch)為榛科榛树植物,是中国重要干果树种[1],榛仁具有独特风味和丰富营养,除可鲜食,还是各类食品加工如巧克力、糖果、榛油等原料,原产我国的榛属植物有8种[2],目前商品化栽培的榛属种类有平榛(Corylus heterophylla Fisch)、平欧杂种榛(Corylus heterophylla×Corylus avellanay)及欧洲榛子(Corylus avellanay L)。平欧杂种榛栽培面积增长较快,由于栽培时间短,许多榛子生产问题快速表现出来,如,整形修剪混乱,导致树形紊乱;生产用树大量繁殖苗木,导致树体衰弱;苗木市场监管不严,大量品系流入农户果园等;经过近10年技术标准研究、试栽试验、资源调查等,课题组对榛子优良品种选择、授粉树选择与配置取得初步成果,期待为榛子生产提供借鉴与参考。
1 榛子优良品种
平欧杂种榛培育之初,推广区域主要定位在北方寒冷区域,由于大部分果树在寒冷地区不能安全越冬,除粮食作物外,无其他经济作物,应对农业产业调整,增加农民收入,因此,榛子主要在东北地区推广,目前,随着榛子产业发展,榛子经济收入喜人,全国各地栽植热情高涨,榛子栽培区域迅速扩大,目前榛子栽培区域主要在我国北部及中部地区、栽培区域涉及全国20多个省市。……
