摘 要：酸枣是嫁接培育红枣优质苗木首选砧木。在国内海拔1 700 m以下的山区、丘陵和平原广为栽培。红枣作为生态及经济兼用树种，在退耕还林工程、三北防护林工程等项目中大面积推广栽植，但由于一直采用根蘖繁育方法培育苗木，所产苗木数量有限且质量差，加之长距离运输栽植导致造林成活率低。为了提升枣树嫁接栽培成活率，通过在西北戈壁滩等土地贫瘠地段进行多年的栽培试验，总结出了一整套酸枣起垄直播建园技术，为今后发展经济林产业，提高酸枣建园效益，做大做强红枣产业，实现林业增效、农民增收，奠定較好的技术支撑。

关键词：酸枣;起垄直播建园;技术

文章编号：2096-8108（2021）03-0056-02  中图分类号：S665.1  文献标识码：A

Direct Seeding Establishing Orchard Technique of Ridge Forming of Ziziphus Jujuba

YANG Xiumei

（Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Gaotai County， Zhangye City， Zhangye 734300， China）

Abstract：Ziziphus jujuba is the preferred rootstock for grafting and cultivating high quality jujube seedlings. mountain areas， hills and plains below 1 700 m above sea level in China are suitable for cultivation. Jujubeas a kind of ecological and economic tree speciesis widely promoted in the project of Returning Farmland to Forest and the Three North Shelterbelt Project. However， due to the use of root tiller breeding method to cultivate seedlings， the number of seedlings cultivation was limited and low quality， coupled with long-distance transport planting leads to low survival rate of afforestation. In order to improve the survival rate of jujube grafting cultivation， through years of cultivation experiments in barren soil such as Gebi Desert in Northwest China， a set of direct seeding orchard construction technique of ridge forming was summarized， which laid a good technical support for the future development of economic forest industry， improving the benefit of jujube orchard construction， making jujube industry bigger and stronger， improving forestry efficiency and growers income.

Keywords：Ziziphus jujuba; direct seeding establishing orchard of ridge forming; technique

酸枣起垄直播砧木建园投入的资金少，建园后第2年嫁接优质枣成活率高、挂果早，可快速成园，不但降低了种植的成本，缩短了种植周期，同时还达到了防风抗病等目的，经济效益显著，充分的提高了酸枣作为红枣嫁接砧木的开发利用价值。酸枣起垄直播建园技术适合低海拔地区广泛示范推广。本文就酸枣直播砧木建园的园地选择、整地、起垄、建园、苗期管理、虫害防治等方面的技术要点进行了总结和提练，为今后大面积栽培推广提供参考。

1 园地选择

选择背风向阳、地势平坦、土层深厚、土质均匀，排灌条件良好，土壤含盐≤0.3%，pH值小于8.0的沙质壤土地进行建园。

2 整地

建园前一年秋季整地。对土质肥沃的园地，将土壤深翻30 cm，耙碎、耙平，施入充分腐熟的农家肥4 000～5 000 kg/667 m2，P2O530～40 kg/667 m2。……