姚奕君 靳元凯 王雷存

摘 要：陕西省渭北地区作为苹果种植的优生区，是陕西省重要的鲜食苹果生产基地，同时也是花期冻害的高发区，花期冻害成为影响陕西苹果产量和品质最严重的自然灾害之一。大陆性季风气候决定了黄土高坡会发生非常频繁的气象灾害。为了避免气象灾害，应及时采取有效的措施来预防低温霜冻产生的危害，从而不断提高果园的经济效益。本次通过在盛花期对白水苹果试验站的多个苹果品种进行冻害调查，分析了不同苹果品种花期所受到的冻害程度，并提出几项关键性防冻害措施，以最大限度的降低花期在低温时所受的冻害影响。

关键词：白水地区;苹果;花期;低温;调查;对策

文章编号：2096-8108（2021）03-0033-03  中图分类号：S661.1  文献标识码：A

Investigation and Countermeasures of Low Temperature

Hazards during Apple Flowering in Baishui Area， Shaanxi Province

YAO Yijun， JIN Yuankai， WANG Leicun*

（College of Horticulture， Northwest A & F University， Yangling 712100， China）

Abstract：Weibei area of Shanxi Province， as a eugenic area for apple planting， is an important fresh apple production base in Shanxi Province， and it is also an area with a high incidence of frost damage during the flowering period. Frost damage during the flowering period has become one of the most serious natural disasters affecting the yield and quality of Shanxi apples. The continental monsoon climate determines that high loess slopes will have very frequent meteorological disasters. In order to avoid meteorological disasters， effective measures should be taken in time to prevent the harm caused by low-temperature frost， so as to continuously improve the economic benefits of the orchard. Through the frost damage investigation of multiple apple varieties in the Baishui area， apple experimental station during the full blooming period， the degree of frost damage received during the flowering period of different apple varieties was analyzed， and several key anti-freezing damage measures were proposed to minimize the low temperature during the flowering period. The impact of frost damage from time to time.

Keywords：Baishui area; apple; flowering period; low temperature; investigation; countermeasures

1 白水地區气候特征

本次试验在西北农林科技大学白水苹果试验站（东经109°16′～109°45′，北纬35°4′～35°27′）进行采样及相关数据的测定，白水苹果试验站海拔

853 m左右，年降雨量570 mm，年均气温10.5 ℃，属暖温带半湿润大陆性季风气候，年日照时数2 319 h，无霜期209 d。

2 花期冻害的气候状况

花期冻害成为影响陕西苹果产量和品质最严重的自然灾害之一[1]。大陆性季风气候决定了黄土高坡会发生非常频繁的气象灾害。2021年4月13日，受冷空气影响，陕西省多个县市出现了大风降雪降温过程，白水气象台更是发布了大风蓝色警号信号。伴随着持续性的小雨，气温骤降到2 ℃，部分地区5～6级偏北风，阵风7级以上。具研究表明-2 ℃、0 ℃、2 ℃可作为苹果花期低温冻害的临界温度[2]。……