蔷薇科果树访花昆虫生态调查
2021-06-16张未仲胡嘉隽赵龙龙胡增丽刘朝红韩凤
张未仲 胡嘉隽 赵龙龙 胡增丽 刘朝红 韩凤



摘 要:对山西晋中地区早春蔷薇科果树访花昆虫进行调查,得到访花昆虫共34种。其中李园昆虫21种,桃园16种,山楂园14种,梨园13种,苹果园9种,早春蔷薇科主要访花昆虫为膜翅目昆虫,其次为双翅目昆虫。访花昆虫的种类和数量因各种果树花期的不同而有所差异。此外环境因素如温度对其活动有明显影响,访花行为在午间温度较高时活动最为频繁。
关键词:蔷薇科果树;花蜜;传粉昆虫;种类
文章编号:2096-8108(2021)03-0028-05 中图分类号:Q968.1 文献标识码:A
Ecological Investigation of Flower Visiting Insects in Rosaceae Fruit Trees
ZHANG Weizhong1,HU Jiajuan2,ZHAO Longlong1*,HU Zengli1,LIU Zhaohong1,HAN Feng1
(1.Pomology Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031, China;
2.College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801, China)
Abstract:An investigation of pollinating insects on Rosaceae fruit trees in Jinzhong Area of Shanxi in early spring revealed that 34 species of pollinating insects were obtained. Among them, there were 21 species of pium orchard flower visiting insects,16 species of peach orchard,14 species of hawthorn orchard, 13 species of pear orchard, 9 species of apple orchard. The main flower visiting insects of Rosaceae in early spring were Hymenoptera, followed by Diptera. The types and numbers of flower visiting insects varied due to the flowering period of various fruit trees. In addition, environmental factors such as temperature had a significant impact on their activities. Flower-visiting behavior was most frequent when the temperature was high in the noon.
Keywords:Rosaceae fruit tree; nectar; flower visiting insects; species
薔薇科(Rosaceae)属被子植物门(Angiospermae)、双子叶植物纲(Dicotyledoneae)、原始花被亚纲(Archichlamydeae)、蔷薇目(Rosales),在全球范围内皆有分布,以北半球温带地区分布最为广泛。作为蔷薇科植物原生中心之一的中国,共有该科植物55属,1 000多种[1]。此科多数植物为重要的经济植物,如苹果(Malus)、梨(Pyurs)、杏(Prunus armeniaca)等皆属于此科,在我国农业经济方面占据着十分重要的地位。
蔷薇科果树大多属于典型虫媒传粉植物。传粉昆虫是访花昆虫的重要组成部分,主要分属于膜翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目、半翅目、直翅目以及缨翅目、其中膜翅目占43.7%,双翅目占28.4%,鞘翅目占14.1%,其余几目共占13.8%[2]。
传粉昆虫同果树的坐果率及产量密切相关。研究表明在蜜蜂授粉后,香梨坐果率要比在自然授粉条件下提高25%,同时其产量增加32%以上,商品率提高50%[3]。据欧阳芳等利用昆虫生态服务定量估算的方法,2007年我国农业生产过程中昆虫传粉功能的服务价值为6 790.3亿元[4]。由此可见传粉昆虫在农业生产方面创造了难以估量的价值。……
