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3种植物提取物对梨叶黑斑病菌抑制作用研究

2021-06-16高小宽张眉

山西果树 2021年3期

高小宽 张眉

摘 要:以梨黑斑病原菌(Alternaria kikuchiana Tanaka)为供试菌株,采用离体叶盘法、菌丝生长速率测定法和病原孢子萌发率方法,研究了三七、五味子和银杏3种提取物不同浓度对梨叶黑斑病原菌的抗菌活性。结果表明:3种植物提取物在不同的浸泡时间随着处理液浓度的增加抑制率呈现先升高后降低的趋势,3种植物提取物对梨叶黑斑病菌的最佳抑制浓度均为2 000 mg/L,三七提取物对梨叶黑斑病抑菌浸泡时间最佳是2 h,而五味子、银杏提取物浸泡时间则为3 h。三七提取物对梨叶黑斑病抑菌效果最好。

关键词:梨黑斑病;植物提取物;离体叶盘法

文章编号:2096-8108(2021)03-0019-05  中图分类号:S436.612.1+4  文献标识码:A

Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Three Kinds Plants Extracts on Pear Leaf Black Spot

GAO Xiaokuan,ZHANG Mei

(Department of Biology, Hengshui College, Hengshui 053000, China)

Abstract:Taking the pathogen of pear black spot (Alternaria kikuchiana Tanaka) as the trial bacterial strain, using the methods of leaf disc in vitro test, hypha growth ratio test and the pathogen spore germination ratio test, the inhibitory effect of the extracts with different density from panax notoginseng, schisandra and ginkgo biloba was studied. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of the three kinds plants extracts increased first and then decreased with the increase of the concentration of the solution in different soaking time. The optimum inhibitory concentration of the three kinds plants extracts on Pear leaf black spot pathogen was 2 000 mg/L. The optimum soaking time of Panax notoginseng extract for the inhibitory effect on pear leaf black spot was 2 h, while the optimum soaking time of schisandra and ginkgo extracts was 3 h. Panax notoginseng extract had the best antibacterial effect on pear leaf black spot.

Keywords:Pear Leaf Black Spot; plants extracts; leaf disc in vitro test

黑斑病是影响我国梨产量及质量的主要病害之一,链格孢菌是导致梨感染黑斑病的主要病菌[1]。梨树早期落叶和嫩梢枯死都可能是梨黑斑病菌的出现导致的,而且梨黑斑病的出现会让果实提前掉落并且伴随着裂果现象,严重削弱树的生长,降低树体的生命力和抗病能力[2]。该病的潜伏侵染期在梨树的花期和幼果期,在果实的贮藏期间梨黑斑病仍存在并且不易控制和防范[3]。

防治梨黑斑病的方法很多,但目前仍以化学防治为主,但是化学杀菌剂的使用已超过数10年,其使用量已经达到最初量的数倍,这表明病菌的抗药性正在增强[4],如果再继续使用则会导致病菌的增长难以控制,而且污染自然环境,其次人们的身体健康状况会受到残留在果实上的化学药剂的威胁 [5]。

因此迫切需要筛选出生防活性高和对环境安全的新型防治药剂。……

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