马玉林 石进昌 冯小明

摘 要：核桃高接换优是解决核桃园结果晚、品种良萎不齐，提高核桃园效益的有效技术手段。天水市秦州区核桃园大多建在高海拨区域，气候冷凉，采用传统的方块芽接技术要在6月底以后才能嫁接，时间晚，生长量小，枝条生长不充实，给越冬带来困难。为此在2015-2020年开展了核桃夏季嫩枝嫁接技术研究，把嫁接时间提前到了5月中下旬，大大地延长了嫁接枝的生长期，增大了新梢生长量。同时采用此项技术还解决了由于没有专业采穗圃造成接穗紧缺的问题。可以在生产中推广。

关键词：核桃;嫩枝嫁接;试验

文章编号：2096-8108（2021）03-0010-02  中图分类号：S664.1  文献标识码：A

Preliminary Study on Grafting Technique of Walnut Branch

MA Yulin1，SHI Jinchang2，FENG Xiaoming3

（1.Fruit Industry Development Center of Qinzhou District， Tianshui City， Tianshui 741000， China;

2.Scientific and Technical Advice Station of Qinzhou District， Tianshui 741000， China;

3.Jikou Forestry Workstation of Qinzhou District， Tianshui City，Tianshui 741014，China）

Abstract：Walnut high pick in optimal is an effective technique to solve the problem of late fruit， uneven cultivars and improve the efficiency of walnut orchard. The walnut orchard in Qinzhou District of Tianshui City is mostly built

at a high altitude，and the climate in this area is cold. The traditional square bud grafting technique could only be grafted after the end of June. The time was late， the growth was small， and the growth of branches was not full， which brought difficulties to overwintering. Therefore， the research on the grafting technique of walnut tender branches in summer were carried out， and the grafting time was advanced to the middle and late May， which greatly prolonged the growth period of grafted branches and increased the growth of new shoots. At the same time， this technique also solved the problem of scion shortage caused by no professional scion orchard.

Keywords：walnut; branch grafting; test

1 試验材料与方法

1.1 试验地概况

试验地位于天水市秦州区玉泉镇杨河村，海拔1 587 m，属山地核桃园，年均温9.6 ℃，年平均降雨量570 mm，年日照时数2 041 h，全年日照时数178 d。

1.2 试验材料

试验地核桃树8年生，对要嫁接的核桃树在萌芽前锯掉树冠，留桩高度1.5  m，具体以方便操作为宜。每株树留3个主枝，30～50 cm留桩回缩。疏除多余大枝和病虫枝，用愈合剂涂抹伤口。萌芽后每个桩上留1～2个位置好、壮实的新梢作为嫁接砧木，共计4～8个嫁接砧木，及时抹除多余的萌枝。当新梢长到10个叶片时摘心，促进砧木加粗生长。

1.3 接穗处理

早实核桃几乎没有营养枝，即使重剪也很少发枝，可以利用结果枝来做接穗。在5月上旬把核桃幼果摘掉，使其上面的混合芽生长饱满，在5月中下旬即可进行嫁接。

1.4 嫁接方法

嫁接方法主要采用嫩枝双舌接和嫩枝劈接。……