摘 要：在天水大樱桃园进行不同剂量36%草甘膦草铵膦水剂、30%草甘膦水剂防除大樱桃园1年生主要杂草药效试验，36%草甘膦草铵膦水剂设置低中高3个剂量，有效成分用量分别为540 g a.i./hm2、1 080 g a.i./hm2、1 620 g a.i./hm2、30%草甘膦水剂1 350 g a.i./hm2，对照为清水;于大樱桃园杂草旺盛生长期进行茎叶喷雾处理。结果表明，36%草甘膦草铵膦水剂药剂可有效防除大樱桃园马唐、狗尾草和稗草及其他杂草，药后15 d和30 d株防效或鲜重防效都达到90%以上，且对果树安全，推荐使用剂量为1 500～4 500 g/hm2，此药剂适合高效防除大樱桃果园主要杂草。

关键词：除草剂;草甘膦草铵膦;大樱桃;主要杂草;药效试验

文章编号：2096-8108（2021）03-0012-04  中图分类号：S662.5  文献标识码：A

Efficacy Test of Different Herbicides to Control Weeds in Cherry Orchard

ZHANG Xinqiang

（Qinzhou Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Tianshui City，Tianshui 741000，China）

Abstract：The effect of different doses of 36% glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium liquid and 30% glufosinate liquid on the control of annual main weeds in the big cherry orchard in Tianshui was tested. 36% glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium liquid set three reserves of low， medium and high， which were 540 g a.i. / hm2， 1 080 g a.i. / hm2， 1 620 g a.i. /hm2 and 1 350 g a.i. /hm2 respectively. The control was clear water. Spray treatment was carried out on the stems and leaves of the big cherry orchard when weeds were flourishing. The results showed that 36% Glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium liquid could effectively control the main annual weeds in cherry orchards， such as tangerine， bermudagrass， barnyardgrass and other weeds. The plant control effect or fresh weight control effect reached more than 90% after 15 d and 30 d， and it was safe for fruit trees. The stem and leaf spray treatment was carried out in the vigorous growth period of weeds in large cherry orchards， and the recommended dosage was 1 500～4 500 g /hm2， which was suitable for efficient control of major weeds in large cherry orchards.

Keywords：herbicide; glyphosate and glufosinate; large cherry; main weeds; efficacy test

近年來大樱桃是天水当地快速发展的优势果树产业之一。在果园管理中，杂草因其生命力旺盛，竞争力强，生长速度快，有效防除杂草是果园生产中一项重要工作。每年5-9月是当地大樱桃果园中杂草大量发生时期，调查发现果园中主要有1年生禾本科杂草马唐（Digitaria sanguinalis）、狗尾草（Setaria viridis）、牛筋草（Eleusine indica）、稗草（Echinochloa crusgali），菊科的艾蒿、刺儿菜、小蓬草、藜科的灰藜，莎草科的香附子等。在果园管理中比较各种除草方法，化学除草剂的利用依然是现阶段果农降低生产成本的最重要措施。但由于除草剂种类繁多，广大果农不能科学选用除草剂会造成果园药害、甚至减产绝收。因此，本试验旨在选择合理高效、安全性的除草剂，指导果农应用于生产实践，帮助果农降低成本提高生产效率。笔者选用了36%草甘膦草铵膦水剂及30%草甘膦水剂除草剂对大樱桃果园1年生禾本科主要杂草进行了药效试验，以筛选出高效、安全的除草剂应用于生产。……