桃树不同方位(阴阳面)果实品质分析
2021-06-16曲雪松陈双建赵雪辉成继东郭华安栋李智
曲雪松 陈双建 赵雪辉 成继东 郭华 安栋 李智



摘 要:光照是果树生长的必备条件,为了提升黄土高原地区桃果实品质质量,以黄金1号毛桃和中油十六号油桃为试验材料,分析比较桃树不同方位阴面和阳面果实的单果重、果形指数、可滴定酸、可溶性固性物、维生素C、总糖等品质物质的差异。结果表明:阳面毛桃的单果重、维生素C含量、糖酸比、单糖和总糖含量显著高于阴面果(P<0.05),油桃阳面果与阴面果的单果重、维生素C含量差异不显著;可溶性固形物含量在果实不同部位差异明显,其中毛桃和油桃阳面果实顶部和面部的可溶性固形物含量均显著高于阴面果对应部位的含量(P<0.05),毛桃阳面果顶部可溶性固形物含量比毛桃阴面果顶部高38.46%(P<0.05),桃樹阴阳面对毛桃的底部可溶性固形物含量影响显著(P<0.05),但对油桃底部影响不显著。阳面的光照强度能够显著改善桃果实的品质,在生产实践中可以通过调整株行距、修剪、叶果比等措施提高透光率,提升果实的商品价值。
关键词:桃;阴阳面;品质
文章编号:2096-8108(2021)03-0006-04 中图分类号:S662.1 文献标识码:A
Analysis of Peach Quality in Different Directions between Shady and Sunny Side
QU Xuesong, CHEN Shuangjian*,ZHAO Xuehui,CHEN Jidong,GUO Hua,
AN Dong,LI Zhi
(Pomology Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China)
Abstract:
Light is a necessary condition for fruit tree growth. In order to improve the quality of peach fruit in the Loess Plateau.Taking Huangjin No.1 wild peach and Zhongyou No.16 nectarine as experimental materials, the differences of single fruit weight, fruit shape index, titratable acid, soluble solids, vitamin C, total sugar and other quality substances of shady and sunny fruits were analyzed and compared.The results showed that: the single fruit weight, vitamin C content, sugar acid ratio, monosaccharide and total sugar content of sunny peach were significantly higher than those of shady fruit (P< 0.05), while the single fruit weight and vitamin C content of nectarine between sunny fruit and shady fruit had no significant difference;The contents of soluble solids in the top and face of wild peach and nectarine were significantly higher than those in the corresponding parts of shady fruit (P<0.05). The content of soluble solids in the top of wild peach was 38.46% higher than that in the top of shady fruit (P<0.05).The shady and sunny side had a significant effect on the soluble solid content at the bottom of the wild peach (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on the bottom of the nectarine.The light intensity on the sunny side can significantly improve the quality of peach fruit. In the production practice, the light transmittance can be increased by the measures of plant row spacing, pruning, leaf fruit ratio, etc. so as to enhance the commodity value of the fruit.
Keywords:peach; shady and sunny side; quality
桃(Prunus persica L.)为蔷薇科,李属植物,在我国栽培历史悠久[1],目前我国栽培面积和总产量位居世界第一[2]。桃果实中营养价值丰富、老少皆宜,深受广大消费者欢迎,其果实中的糖、酸、维生素C是其重要的营养物质,也是其品质形成的重要基础[3,4]。果实品质的差异受品种、环境、栽培设施等影响[5-7],其中环境因子包括光照强度、温湿度、土壤等[8]。光照强度减弱会减少水果中的可溶性固形物、还原糖、花色苷等含量[9],任小环[10]研究温室中油桃果实品质的主要成因发现,光照强度是导致果实可溶性固形物低、口味较淡、果个偏小的主要因素。刘淑芳等[11]以中油4号油桃为试材,研究4种不同透光度果袋对桃果实品质影响,发现单层白色果袋单果重显著高于其他3种纸袋。光照强度对桃品质影响显著[12],但目前尚未有对桃树阴阳面果实品质差异的研究报到。本试验通过研究毛桃和油桃不同方位光照对阴面、阳面果实的单果重、糖酸、维生素C等含量的影响,以及对同一果实顶部、面部、底部的可溶性固性物含量进行测定,探究桃树阴阳面不同方位果实品质差异,为生产中树形确定和修剪等生产管理提供理论依据。……
