高世华

内容摘要：天水棺床墓年代定为北周至隋初较为合理;天水棺床墓及出土石棺床与北朝隋初入华粟特人墓葬、石葬具差异明显，墓主人可能不是入华粟特人，其族属需要进一步探讨;据文献记载，北周鲜卑贵族宇文广葬于上邽（今天水市秦州区），南北朝诗人庾信为宇文广撰写的《墓志铭》与天水棺床墓、屏风画多处吻合，棺床屏风画与庾信《咏画屏风诗二十五首》中的8首诗作高度契合，为深入研究天水墓葬的族属、墓主人身份和屏风画提供了新的视角。

关键词：天水棺床墓;年代族属;宇文广墓志铭;庾信《屏风诗》;棺床屏风画

中图分类号：K879.3  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1000-4106（2021）01-0047-10

Abstract：The stone coffin tomb at Tianshui can reasonably be dated to the period between the Northern Zhou and the early Sui dynasties， though the coffin exhibits obvious differences from the Sogdian tombs and funeral items of the Northern Zhou and early Sui dynasty. The deceased buried in this tomb may be a non-Sogdian living in China; the ethnic background of this individual remains a question for further discussion. According to historical records， Yu Wenguang， a Xianbe（Serbi） aristocrat of the Northern Zhou dynasty， was buried in Shanggui（Qinzhou district in contemporary Tianshui.） The epitaph of Yu Wenguang written by Yu Xin， a poet of the Southern and Northern dynasties， is consistent with both the stone coffin tomb and the accompanying screen paintings in many ways， and the screen paintings are also highly consistent with certain descriptions found in eight of the poems of Yu Xins Twenty-four Poems on Screen Paintings. This research angle has provided a new perspective for the analysis of the screen paintings and the ethnic grouping and social status of the tomb owner in the tomb at Tianshui.

Keywords：Stone coffin tomb at Tianshui; era and ethnic group; Yu Wenguangs Epitaph; Yu Xins Poems on Screen Paintings; coffin bed screen paintings

1982年6月，甘肃天水市秦州区石马坪发现棺床墓一座，出土一具贴金彩绘屏风石棺床。2000年以来，随着北周安伽、史君、康業等入华粟特人墓葬和石葬具的发现，天水石棺床被认为是入华粟特人葬具而受到学界广泛关注。由于出土朱书墓志漫漶不清，加之，天水棺床墓及出土石棺床与北朝隋初入华粟特人墓葬、石葬具差异较大，致使学界对天水墓葬年代、族属和棺床屏风图像的研究解读上存有异议。本文拟依据相关考古、文献、墓志资料和研究成果，对天水棺床墓的年代、族属、墓主人身份和棺床屏风画等问题提出一些不同看法，敬请方家斧正。

一 墓葬年代、族属问题

关于墓葬年代，《天水市发现隋唐屏风石棺床墓》一文定为隋、初唐;姜伯勤先生认为年代为隋[1];邢福来先生认为是北周至隋初[2]。……