井亚琼

摘要 民族地区农业高职教育质量的提升，助力民族地区乡村振兴战略的实施与人才振兴目标的实现。选取兼备民族性和农业性的青海省为研究区域，以三维视角分别窥视高职教育体系中最直接参与者面临的主要窘况，发现农业专业认知固化、涉农专业低分化及民族化、师生民族比例失衡、农业人才供需矛盾、教学与管理职能混淆等因素为制约农业高职教育发展的主要阻力，并以此为基点，探尋民族地区农业高职教育发展之道。

关键词 农业职业教育;民族地区;教育窘境;路径探索;青海省

中图分类号 S-01文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2021）10-0261-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.10.067

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

The Dilemma and Solutions of Agricultural Higher Vocational Education in Ethnic Areas—With Qinghai Province as the Study Case

JING Ya-qiong

（Qinghai Vocational and Technical Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary， Xining， Qinghai 810000）

Abstract Improvement in the quality of agricultural higher vocational education in ethnic areas can help the implementation of rural revitalization strategy and the realization of the goal of talent revitalization in ethnic areas. In this paper， Qinghai Province which is characterized in both ethnic and agricultural aspects， is selected as the region of study， that it is probed into the main difficulties faced by the direct participants in higher vocational education system from a three-dimensional perspective. It is found that the mossbacked cognition towards agricultural disciplines， the low differentiation of agriculture-related majors as well as the imbalance of ethnic involvement and the imbalance of teachers and students in aspect of ethnic members， the contradiction between supply and demand of agricultural talents， and the disarray of teaching and management functions are the major obstacles restricting the development of agricultural higher vocational education. Based on this， through this study， it is explored the solutions for development of agricultural higher vocational education in ethnic areas.

Key words Agricultural vocational education;Ethnic areas;Educational dilemmas;Solution exploration;Qinghai Province

十九大报告提出乡村振兴战略，并且将此列为我国新时代发展的重要战略之一。强化农业职业教育不仅是民族地区实施乡村振兴战略的重要手段，更是实现人才振兴目标的必由之径。从中央到地方都高度重视少数民族的人才培养工作，除中央加大民族地区教育工作的扶持力度外，各地方部门亦结合自身实际采取了减免学费、教育经费补助等民族教育恩惠措施[1]。就目前各项教育举措和成果来看，多聚焦于基础性教育和中等职业教育层面。2018年中央一号文件提出，加强农村专业人才队伍建设，高等职业院校要为乡村振兴培养一批农业职业经理人、经纪人，明确了高职院校在高等农业职业教育中的主体责任。笔者选取西部典型的兼备农业性与民族性的青海省为研究区域，通过对其高职教育窘境梳理，尝试性探索一条适应民族地区特色的农业高职教育路径。……