范珊珊 刘继远 高飞 季卫 李昌伟 谭晓东

摘要 通過北京市2012—2019年的788个商品有机肥料样品检测，分析北京市商品有机肥料重金属含量状况和污染程度情况。结果表明，重金属Hg、As、Pb、Cr和Cd的含量差异和变异系数值均较大，平均值分别为0.3、8.0、11.5、53.9和0.3 mg/kg，均符合农业行业标准NY 525—2012有机肥料中重金属限量标准。近8年来重金属Hg、As、Pb、Cr和Cd含量整体呈下降趋势，分别下降了50.0%、21.2%、26.1%、48.1%和50.0%。5种重金属元素总体超标状况为As>Cr>Pb>Hg>Cd，超标率较低，合格率以2.4 %/a的趋势增长。Cr每年都有超标，As仅有2017年未超标，As和Cr含量成为限制商品有机肥品质提高的关键因素。5种重金属单因子污染指数均小于1.0，全部为清洁等级范围。内梅罗综合污染指数P综除2016年在警戒线边缘（P综=0.75），其他全部为安全级别（P综≤0.7）。因此，北京市商品有机肥重金属整体质量状况和污染程度发展趋势良好，但在施用过程中应注重控制使用量，防止环境污染的风险，尤其加强As和Cr元素防控。

关键词 商品有机肥;重金属;含量;超标情况;污染评价

中图分类号 S19文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）10-0083-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.10.022

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Analysis of Heavy Metal Content and Pollution Degree of Commercial Organic Fertilizers in Beijing

FAN Shan-shan，LIU Ji-yuan，GAO Fei et al （Beijing Soil Fertilizer Extension Service Station，Beijing 100029）

Abstract Through the testing of 788 commercial organic fertilizer samples in Beijing from 2012 to 2019，the heavy metal content and pollution level of commercial organic fertilizers in Beijing were analyzed.The results showed that there were great variability in the contents and coefficient of variation in heavy metals such as Hg，As，Pb，Cr and Cd.On average，the contents of the above heavy metals were 0.3，8.0，11.5，53.9 and 0.3 mg/kg，respectively，which were in line with the agricultural industry standard NY 525-2012 for heavy metals in organic fertilizers.In the past 8 years，the content of heavy metals Hg，As，Pb，Cr，and Cd had shown a downward trend as a whole，with a decrease of 50.0%，21.2%，26.1%，48.1% and 50.0% respectively.The order of over the limitation of agricultural standard rate of five heavy metal content was As>Cr>Pb>Hg>Cd，but the exceeding rates of the five heavy metals were relatively low.The passing rate increased by an average of 2.4% per year.The Cr exceeded the limitation every year，and the As exceed too except in 2017.Therefore，the content of As and Cr was the key factor to limit the quality improvement of commercial organic fertilizer.The single factor pollution index was less than 1.0，which indicated the heavy metals were clean level.Nemerow integrated factor pollution index were clean and safe level which was under the 0.7，except the edge of the warning line level in 2016 which was the 0.75.In general，the heavy metals quality and pollution level of commercial organic fertilizer in Beijing were good，but in the application process，the amount of heavy metals should be controlled to prevent the risk of environmental pollution，especially to strengthen the prevention and control of As and Cr elements.

Key words Commercial organic fertilizers;Heavy metals;Content;Excessive situation;Pollution evaluation

有机肥是我国农业生产中非常重要的肥料，富含丰富的有机质、作物生长必需的养分及有机酸等物质，具有培肥、改良土壤、提高作物产量的功效，是绿色农业和有机农业生产中的主要肥料。2015年农业农村部公布《到2020 年化肥使用量零增长行动方案》，明确提出以有机肥替代化肥[1]，鼓励企业和农民发展有机肥市场，有机肥应用越来越受到广泛关注。同时，各地也结合实际，相应出台了一系列促进有机肥发展的扶持政策，包括补贴资金等管理措施，加快推进有机肥资源利用的政策路线、生产应用和行业发展[2]。