百香果炭疽病菌生物学特性及室内药剂筛选
2021-06-15冉飞陈佳莫飞旭樊荣尹显慧龙友华吴小毛
冉飞 陈佳 莫飞旭 樊荣 尹显慧 龙友华 吴小毛



摘 要:为明确百香果炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum karstii)的生物学特性,并筛选出防治效果较好的杀菌剂,采用生长速率法探究该病菌的生物学特性及9种杀菌剂对该病菌的室内毒力。结果表明:该病菌适宜在萨氏(SDAY)培养基上生长,适宜pH为6~9,适宜生长温度为20~30 ℃,最适温度为25 ℃,可高效利用蔗糖与甘氨酸;室内毒力测定发现9种杀菌剂对该病菌菌丝生长均有一定的抑制作用,其中75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG的抑制效果最好,EC50为0.0667 mg/L,其次为18.7%丙环·嘧菌酯SE、42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺SC、25%吡唑醚菌酯SC、50%咪鮮胺锰盐WP,EC50值分别为0.3335、0.4567、0.4630、0.8187 mg/L。
关键词:百香果;喀斯特炭疽菌;生物学特性;毒力测定
中图分类号:S436.67 文献标识码:A
Biological Characteristics of the Pathogen and Fungicides Screening in Laboratory for Anthracnose of Passiflora edulia Sims
RAN Fei1,2, CHEN Jia1,2, MO Feixu1, FAN Rong1,2, YIN Xianhui1,2, LONG Youhua1,2*, WU Xiaomao1,2
1. Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; 2. Engineering and Technology Research Center of Kiwifruit, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
Abstract: The experiment was conducted in order to clarify the biological characteristics of Colletotrichum karstii and screen fungicides with better prevention and control. The mycelial growth rate method was applied to explore the biological characteristics of the pathogen and the laboratory toxicity of 9 fungicides to the pathogen. Results indicated that the pathogen was suitable for growth on the SDAY medium with the optimum pH of 6 to 9 and the suitable growth temperature of 20 to 30 ℃, preferably 25 ℃. Besides, it could efficiently utilize sucrose and glycine. Laboratory toxicity test revealed that 9 fungicides had a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of the mycelium of the pathogen. Among them, 75% trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole WG was the most effective with an EC50 of 0.0667 mg/L, followed by procyclidine·azoxystrobin 18.7% SE, fluxapyroxad·pyraclostrobin 42.4% SC, pyraclostrobin 25% SC, prochloraz-manga nese chloride complex 50% WP with an EC50 of 0.3335, 0.4567, 0.4630, 0.8187 mg/L, respectively.
Keywords: Passiflora edulia Sims; Colletotrichum karstii; biological characteristics; toxicity tests
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.04.025
百香果又称鸡蛋果、西番莲、热情果,属西番莲科西番莲属[1],其原产于巴西,适应性强,经济价值高,在我国广西、台湾、福建、海南、贵州、云南等地均有种植[2]。百香果的果汁味道鲜美、芳香怡人,具有极高的营养、保健和商品价值,享有“果汁之王”的美誉[3-5],除此之外,其种子、皮、根、茎、叶等部位的提取物具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌和降血压等功效[6-8]。目前,我国主要栽培品种有紫果、黄果和二者的杂交种[9],贵州因气候和海拔的影响多种植紫果,现已列入脱贫致富主要产业[10]。随着百香果种植面积的不断扩大,加之管理不当、技术欠缺等,百香果面临病毒病、炭疽病、茎基腐病和蚜虫等病虫害危害,严重影响百香果产业的健康发展[11]。
笔者于2018年调查发现贵州贞丰县百香果受炭疽病危害严重,果实发病后呈向内凹陷的褐色至黑褐色不规则或近圆形病斑,通过形态观察结合多基因序列分析明确其致病菌为喀斯特炭疽菌(Colletotrichum karstii),是一种引起百香果炭疽病的新致病菌[12]。……
