胡福初 吴小波 陈哲 吴凤芝 周文静 冯学杰 范鸿雁 周瑞云 王祥和

摘  要：以22份特早熟、6份早熟及2份中熟荔枝种质资源为材料，利用SRAP分子标记进行遗传多样性分析，探索特早熟荔枝种质资源的亲缘关系。结果表明：对182对SRAP引物组合进行筛选，获得16对多态性高、条带清晰的SRAP引物组合，共计产生扩增条带182条，其中多态性条带140条，占76.9%。材料间遗传相似系数为0.47～0.99，根据UPGMA聚类分析，在遗传相似系数0.73处可将30份荔枝样本分成4类，其中第Ⅰ类20份，占66.7%，包括绝大多数特早熟荔枝资源;第Ⅱ类4份，占13.3%，包括‘妃子笑与部分杂交早熟资源;第Ⅲ类和第Ⅳ类各3份，分别占10%。以上研究结果为特早熟荔枝种质资源发掘、评价及新品种培育提供理论参考。

关键词：荔枝;SRAP标记;特早熟;遗传多样性

中图分类号：S667.1      文献标识码：A

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Very Early Maturing Litchi Germplasm Resources Based on SRAP Molecular Markers

HU Fuchu， WU Xiaobo， CHEN Zhe， WU Fengzhi， ZHOU Wenjing， FENG Xuejie， FAN Hongyan， ZHOU Ruiyun， WANG Xianghe*

Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees， Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology of Hainan Province / Haikou Investigation Station of Tropical Fruit Trees， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Haikou， Hainan 571100， China

Abstract： Utilizing the SRAP molecular markers technology， the genetic diversity and relationship of 30 litchi germplasm resources， including 22 extremely early maturity varieties， 6 early maturity varieties and 2 middle maturity varieties， were analyzed in this study. The results showed that 16 pairs SPAP primers with high polymorphism and clear bands were selected in 182 pairs SPAP primers. A total of 182 loci were obtained using 16 pairs SPAP primers and 140 loci were polymorphic. UPGMA cluster analysis and genetic similarity coefficient showed that the similarity coefficient of 30 litchi germplasm resources ranged from 0.47 to 0.99， and 30 resources could be grouped into four distinct families based on similarity of 0.73. There were 20 （66.7%） resources in groupⅠ， including the majority of extremely early maturing resources， 4 （13.3%） resources in group Ⅱ， including ‘Feizixiao and some hybrids， 3 （10.0%） resources respectively in group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ. The results would provide theoretical references for the exploration， evaluation and new variety cultivation of extra-early litchi germplasm resources.

Keywords： litchi; SRAP; very early maturing; genetic diversity

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.04.002

荔枝（Litchi chinensis Sonn.）为无患子科（Sapindaceae）荔枝属（Litchi Sonn.）多年生常绿乔木，在我国热带亚热带地区广泛栽培，具有十分悠久的种植历史。近年来，我国荔枝产业发展兴旺，总面积稳定保持在5.4×105 hm2，产量超过2.0×106 t，已成为一些区域乡村振兴战略的重要抓手，也是连接“一带一路”战略的一个纽带[1]。在荔枝产业优势区域布局及新品种新技术的推动下，我国荔枝已经形成了早熟、中熟、中晚熟、晚熟、特晚熟的生产格局，果实成熟期从4月中旬延续至8月中下旬[2]。其中，早熟產区包括海南、粤西、桂南及云南部分产区，早熟品种主要有‘妃子笑‘白糖罂‘三月红‘桂早荔等，而‘妃子笑‘白糖罂在早熟品种中占有绝对的主导作用，例如在海南产区，‘妃子笑占种植面积的90%以上。……