张朝坤 黄婉莉 陈洪彬 康仕成

摘  要：通过研究2个品种番石榴果实生长发育和营养品质的变化规律，为制定番石榴豐产优质栽培技术措施和品种推广提供参考依据。以福建省漳州市栽培的‘彩虹和‘红宝石2个品种的番石榴果实为试验材料。花谢后第1天，作为果实发育的起点，每7 d采样一次，直到果实成熟。测定果实单果质量、纵径、横径、果形指数、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、总糖和维生素C等指标。结果表明：‘彩虹和‘红宝石番石榴果实质量增长变化曲线十分相似，均表现为“快-慢-快”的双S型动态变化曲线，其质量增长过程可分为3个生长期：第1次膨大期、生长缓慢期和第2次膨大期;2个品种果实生长过程纵、横径的变化也分为3个生长时期，即2个生长高峰期和1个生长缓慢期，均表现为“快-慢-快”的双S型动态变化曲线，果实形状均由长椭圆形变为椭圆型;果实第2次膨大期（‘彩虹为花后78～113 d，‘红宝石为花后71～99 d）），2个品种果实的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、总糖和维生素C含量均随着时间延长而增加，但‘红宝石果实的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和维生素C含量在整个过程中显著高于‘彩虹。

关键词：番石榴;品种;果实;生长发育规律;品质

中图分类号：S667.9      文献标识码：A

Analysis on the Law of Psidium guajava L. Fruit Growth and Nutritional Quality

ZHANG Chaokun1， HUANG Wanli1， CHEN Hongbin2， KANG Shicheng1

1. Zhangzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences， Zhangzhou， Fujian 363005， China; 2. College of Oceanology and Food Sciences， Quanzhou Normal University， Quanzhou， Fujian 362002， China

Abstract： The study of the changes of fruit growth and nutritional quality of two varieties of Psidium guajava L. would provide a reference for formulating high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques of Psidium guajava L. and the promotion of varieties. The fruits of varieties ‘Rainbow and ‘Ruby cultivated in Zhangzhou City， Fujian Province were used as the test materials. Samples were taken every 7 d until the fruit matured from the first day after flowering. Single fruit quality， fruit longitudinal diameter， transverse diameter， fruit shape index， soluble solids， titratable acid， total sugar and vitamin C and other indicators were assayed. ‘Rainbow and ‘Ruby Psidium guajava L. The fruit mass growth curves of the varieties were very similar， which showing a “fast-slow-fast” double S-shaped dynamic change curve. The quality growth process could be divided into three growth periods， the first expansion period， growth slow period and the second expansion period. The change of longitudinal and transverse diameter in the whole growth process was also divided into three growth periods， two growth peak periods and one slow growth period， which was expressed as a “fast-slow-fast” double S-shaped dynamic change curve， and the shape of the fruit changed from oblong to elliptical. The second expansion of fruit （‘Rainbow 78-113 d after flowering， ‘Ruby 71-99 d after flowering）， the soluble solids， titratable acid， total sugar and vitamin C content of the two varieties increased with time. But the content of soluble solids， titratable acid and vitamin C of ‘Ruby was significantly higher than that of ‘Rainbow in the whole process.

第2个生长期为果实纵、横径生长缓慢期，该时期时间较短，仅占整个生长发育期的20%左右。‘彩虹和‘红宝石分别在花后50～78 d和43～71 d为纵、横径生长缓慢期。第2个生长期结束时，‘彩虹果实的纵径、横径分别为4.77 cm和3.61 cm，其净增长量分别为0.55 cm和0.88 cm，约……