蒙古黄芪变异类型的主要性状及有效成分含量比较
2021-06-08周锐峰方子森周海李振谋王丽慧刘润萍曹占凤潘飞
周锐峰 方子森 周海 李振谋 王丽慧 刘润萍 曹占凤 潘飞



摘要:研究了蒙古黄芪3种变异类型一年生、二年生的主要性状及品质。结果表明。高个大叶型和中间型的地上茎、叶性状及生长势均较矮个小叶型蒙古黄芪有较大的优势,矮个小叶型有一定的抗倒伏性优势。3种蒙古黄芪的甲苷含量均表现为二年生显著高于一年生,且均超过《中华人民共和国药典》的标准。其中二年生矮个小叶型的甲苷含量最高,为1.74 g/kg,是药典标准的4.35倍。综合分析,高个大叶型和矮个小叶型可在选育黄芪优良品种时加以利用。
关键词:蒙古黄芪;变异;类型;性状;有效成分;比较
Abstract:Anhui Dangshan crisp pear was selected as the research material in this paper. Angel fruit wine yeast, angel liquor yeast, and dibos acid-reducing yeast were used as the strains, and the fermentation conditions such as the amount of pear juice, the pH, and the amount of sugar added were studied. The results showed that on the conditions of 25 ℃ and fermentation period of 16 d, using angel liquor yeast with a liquid volume of 40%, a sugar content of 20%, and a pH of 5, the pear wine produced has good transparency and a sweet taste with a unique pear fragrance. The sugar content and alcohol content of the final pear wine were 8.7% and 12.8%, respectively.
Key words:Dangshan crisp pear;Pear fruit wine;Yeast;Fermentation;Alcohol content;Sugar content
黄芪是豆科黄芪属植物蒙古黄芪[Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Bge) Hsiao]或膜荚黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus)的干燥根[1 - 6 ]。目前,我国商品黄芪主要来源于栽培,主要栽培种是蒙古黄芪。由于野生黄芪种类多样、种质来源混杂,各地黄芪野生变家种的过程中种质多样、混杂、退化等现象严重,导致黄芪的抗性降低、产量和质量下降,从而制约着黄芪生产的进一步发展。我们通过综合评价蒙古黄芪变异各类型的茎、叶、花、荚果、种子、根长、产量、有效成分含量等因子,筛选出适合当地种植的高产、优质的变异类型,以期为黄芪生产提供参考。
1 材料与方法
1.1 供试材料
供试黄芪种苗为2014年春季播种,生长健康,大田越冬,2015年春季采挖的1年生蒙古黄芪的3个变异类型,分别为矮个小叶型、中间型、高个大叶型。种苗根头粗6~7 mm,长度20 cm以上,根条长度基本一致、粗细均匀,无霉变和机械损伤。……
