张文博 王锐

摘  要：科技评估与分析工作在美国这个科技大国的经济、社会和科技发展中发挥着关键作用。美国审计总署作为美国政府的科技评估机构之一，承担科技评估和分析职能。美国审计总署在科技聚焦、技术评估、网络安全评估以及联邦科技项目管理四个方面具备完善的科技评估和分析体系，这对优化美国联邦的科学技术投资、帮助决策者及时了解科技前沿动态、增强美国创新能力和竞争力具有重要意义。目前，中国已初步形成了以国家科技评估为主体，地方科技评估、行业科技评估和其他类型评估为辅的国家评估體系，但在第三方评估机制、科技审计等方面起步较晚，仍不成熟，美国审计总署的发展经验对我国建立有中国特色的科技审计团队和保障国家科技发展具有一定的借鉴意义。

关键词：美国审计总署;科技评估和分析;科技审计;创新实验室

中图分类号：G311 文献标识码：A

DOI：10.19881/j.cnki.1006-3676.2021.03.07

Research on Science and Technology Evaluation and Analysis Work of the U.S. Government Accountability Office

Zhang Wenbo1  Wang Rui2

（1.Industrial Research Institute of Henan Development and Reform Commission，Henan，Zhengzhou，450003;2.Human Resources and Social Security Department of Jilin Province，

Ji Lin，Chang Chun，130022）

Abstract：As a great power of science and technology，science and technology assessment and analysis work plays a key role in the economic，social and technological development of the United States. The General Accounting Office of the United States，as one of the US government science and technology assessment agencies，undertakes the functions of science and technology assessment and analysis. The US General Accounting Office has formed a complete science and technology evaluation and analysis system from the four aspects of science and technology focus，technical assessment，network security，and science and technology project management. Technological investment is of great significance to help decision-makers understand the frontiers of science and technology in a timely manner，and to enhance American innovation and competitiveness. At present，China has initially formed a national assessment system with national science and technology assessment as the main body and supplemented by local science and technology assessment，industry science and technology assessment and other types of assessments. However，it is still too late and immature in terms of third-party assessment mechanisms and technology audits. The experience of the General Accounting Office of the United States has a certain reference value for my country to establish a scientific and technological audit team with Chinese characteristics and to ensure the development of national science and technology.

Key words：U.S. Government Accountability Office;Technology Evaluation and Analysis;Technology Audit;Innovation Laborator

当前，弥漫全球的新冠肺炎疫情不仅挑战了全人类的公共卫生防疫基础[1]，也是一次对世界各国的科技实力的检验，检验的结果对包括医疗、城市服务、工业、非接触服务等领域在内的科技发展提出了全新的要求。随着社会的急剧转型和疫情防控需求的升级，科技进一步渗透到居民的生活中，人工智能在快速响应，区块链功能在不断拓展，深度学习技术正被逐步应用，疫情过后可能还会涌现大量新兴科技。因此，预测科技发展风险、保障科技发展质量以及加强科技管理将成为未来科技评估和分析工作的重点。……