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肉汤中特征风味体系的形成机理及分析方法研究进展

2021-05-20关海宁徐筱君孙薇婷刘登勇刁小琴

肉类研究 2021年1期

关海宁 徐筱君 孙薇婷 刘登勇 刁小琴

摘 要:肉汤风味良好,营养丰富,而且具有一定的保健功效。本文从肉汤的营养价值、基本分类入手,重点阐述肉汤风味体系的形成机理、影响因素、肉汤在贮藏、加工过程中风味的变化规律以及用于鉴定肉汤风味的典型分析方法,简要阐述关键性风味的成分属性,为后期传统肉汤制品的加工、品质升级及风味研究提供一定的理论依据。

关键词:肉汤;特征风味;形成机理;影响机制;分析方法

Recent Progress in the Formation Mechanism and Analytical Methods for Characteristic Flavor Compounds in Broth

GUAN Haining, XU Xiaojun, SUN Weiting, LIU Dengyong*, DIAO Xiaoqin*

(National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, College of Food and Technology,

Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China)

Abstract: Broth has a palatable flavor, rich nutrition and health benefits. Beginning with an overview of the nutritional value and basic classification of meat broth, this paper is focused on the formation mechanism of flavor compounds in broth, the factors influencing it, the pattern of changes in flavor compounds during storage and processing, and the traditional analytical methods for identifying broth flavor compounds. In addition, the key flavor components are briefly described. It is expected that this review will provide a theoretical basis for the processing and quality improvement of traditional Chinese meat soup and research on flavor compounds in broth.

Keywords: broth; characteristic flavor compounds; formation mechanism; mechanism; analytical methods

DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210106-004

中图分类号:TS251.1

文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2021)01-0066-08

引文格式:

关海宁, 徐筱君, 孙薇婷, 等. 肉汤中特征风味体系的形成机理及分析方法研究進展[J]. 肉类研究, 2021, 35(1): 66-73. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210106-004.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

GUAN Haining, XU Xiaojun, SUN Weiting, et al. Recent progress in the formation mechanism and analytical methods for characteristic flavor compounds in broth[J]. Meat Research, 2021, 35(1): 66-73. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210106-004.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

肉汤是在适量的水中加入肉类等原材料和佐料利用文火长时间慢炖而成。煮制时原料中氨基酸、核苷酸、矿物质等风味物质外泄,溶于水中,为肉汤带来了良好风味与营养物质。肉汤不仅营养丰富,还对预防肥胖具备一定的潜力,展现风味的同时还具有保健功效[1]。例如,鸡汤具有缓解感冒[2]、增强免疫力[3]、消除疲劳[4]、补充气血[5]等功效。骨汤中钙的含量丰富,可以作为膳食钙补充剂,预防因钙缺乏所引起的疾病[6]。鱼汤中富含胶原蛋白,具有抗氧化作用,对缓解视觉疲劳与精神压力也有积极影响[7]。牛肉汤中富含很多维生素、优质蛋白质与矿物质,同时也是铁和锌的丰富来源[8]。

目前市场上肉汤种类繁多,按照工艺的发展而言,大致分为3 类。第1类是19世纪末发展的复配浓缩汤,如浓缩的……

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