李显波 杨洋 彭剑涛 吴有祥 欧明毅 刘素参

摘 要：为探讨贮存时间和产地对烟叶中性致香物质含量的影响，选取2012年、2013年和2014年入库的云南楚雄、贵州黔西南及福建三明复烤片烟，采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）结合气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术测定其主要中性致香物质含量，采用方差分析、热力图、主成分分析及判别因子分析等手段分析香气物质特征，研究不同贮存时间和产地烟叶中性致香物质的含量差异和特征差异。研究结果表明，类胡罗卜素降解产物、挥发性醇类、挥发性酮类、新植二烯、西柏烷衍生物、其它类和中性致香物质总含量随着贮存时间的延长均呈现先升高而后显著降低的变化趋势，不同产地间各中性致香物质含量也存在着较大差异，以直链脂肪酸酯、烃类和挥发性醇类的含量差异最为明显。通过对中性致香物质的特征分析发现，可将中性致香物质作为判定不同产地和醇化程度的相关指标，判定方法则以判别因子分析最为适宜。

关键词：烟叶;贮存时间;产地;中性致香物质;判别因子分析

Abstract：In order to explore the effects of storage time and place of origin on the content of neutral aroma substances in tobacco leaves，flue-cured tobacco from Chuxiong of Yunnan province，Qianxinan of Guizhou province and Sanming of Fujian province，which were put into storage in 2012，2013 and 2014，were selected to determine the content of neutral aroma substances by headspace solid phase microextraction （HS-SPME） combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）.The characteristics of aroma compounds were analyzed by variance analysis，thermodynamic diagram，principal component analysis and discriminant factor analysis，and the differences and characteristic changes of neutral aroma compounds in tobacco leaves in different storage time and producing areas were studied.The results showed that the total contents of carotene degradation products，volatile alcohols，volatile ketones，neophytadienes，cypressene derivatives，other types and total content of neutral aroma compounds showed a trend of first increase and then significant decrease with the extension of storage time.There were also significant differences in the contents of neutral aroma compounds among different production areas，with the most obvious differences in the content of straight-chain fatty acid esters，hydrocarbons and volatile alcohols.Through the analysis of the characteristics of neutral aroma compounds，it is found that neutral aroma substances can be used as the relevant indicators to determine different producing areas and storage time，The determination method is the most appropriate discriminant factor analysis.

Keywords：tobacco leaf; storage duration; producing area; neutral aroma substance; discriminant factor analysis

煙叶经过采收、初烤、复烤后，往往还存在青杂气较重、刺激性较大、吃味不够醇和等品质缺陷，不能直接用于卷烟生产[1-3]，为了减小烟叶品质上的不足，工业上往往将复烤后的烟叶进行醇化，以达到消除青杂气、减轻刺激性、改善余味及提高烟叶燃烧性等目的，减少烟叶品质的固有缺陷，满足工业生产的需求[3-6]。醇化是卷烟生产过程中改善烟叶品质和提高烟叶可用性必不可少的重要环节，也是改善烟叶质量必不可少的环节之一[7-9]。……