APP下载

喀斯特坡地玉米生长期冠层结构变化特征研究

2021-04-28方乾余万洋侯瑞

山地农业生物学报 2021年1期

方乾 余万洋 侯瑞

摘 要:玉米冠层结构是玉米形态特征的主要指标,是坡地水土流失预测(预报)的重要参数。在喀斯特地区,玉米种植面积较大,探索玉米冠层结构变化,对喀斯特坡地水土流失的研究具有重要意义。本研究采用田间种植试验方法对玉米全生长期冠层结构变化特征进行定量研究。结果表明:(1)玉米冠层叶面积随玉米的生长呈增加趋势,但在不同生长期增加幅度存在差异。在大喇叭口期和小喇叭口期增长最快,在拔节期和成熟期增长缓慢;(2)玉米冠层叶面积指数的变化表现为缓慢增长期、迅速增长期和缓慢下降期三个阶段,二者关系可用指数函数模拟(R2=0.98);(3)玉米冠层特征随玉米生长期呈线性函数变化,其中叶片长度和宽度拟合较好(R2≥0.90),而株高和冠幅的拟合程度相对较差(R2<0.80)。以上结果表明玉米冠层在各生长阶段存在差异,在喀斯特坡地水土流失估算时应根据生长期采取不同的植被与管理因子。

关键词:玉米;叶面积指数;冠层结构;喀斯特;坡地

Abstract:The canopy structure isa main index of quantifyingmorphological characteristics of maize,and it also an important parameter in theprediction modelingofsoil and water loss.In karst areas,the cultivation area of maize is relativelylarge; it will be important that exploring the change of maize canopy structure for soil and water loss estimation on karst hillslope.Experiments were implemented for measuring the maize canopy structure (i.e.,leaf length,leaf width,plant height andcrown diameter) under field condition.Results showed that:1) the leaf area index (LAI) of maize canopy increased with maize growing,but to different extent.Overall,the increment of LAI was the greatest in small-trumpet period and big-trumpetperiod,while growth was slow in jointing stage and maturation period; 2) the change of LAIcan be divided into slow growth,rapid growth and decline stages,and the relationship between LAI and growth time could be described using an exponential function (R2=0.98) and 3),the maize canopycharacteristicsshowed the linear relation with the growth time.The determine coefficient of leaf length and width (R2≥0.90) was greater than those of plant height and crown diameter (R2<0.80).Therefore,the different plant and management factor (C factor) should be consideredwhen the soil and water loss amount was estimated using a soil erosion predication model on karst hillslope because maize canopy structure is varied with different growth stages.

Keywords:maize;leaf area index;canopy structure;karst;slope

玉米冠層结构是玉米形态特征的重要指标,包括植物的叶、茎、花和果实等的大小、形状、角度、位置分布以及在时空上的动态变化特征[1]。吴门新等[2]利用3D max技术重建了大田玉米三维特征和行播结构,并利用计算机模拟了玉米生长过程。Drouet等[3]利用鱼眼镜头摄像机,以图像中的透光率来推算冠层的叶面积指数。同时,冠层的形态结构以及功能对作物产量的提高具有重要影响[4-5]。冠层作为最先接触到外界气体环境和太阳光照的部分,对光照的利用和分配,以及对植被生长发育、生理过程产生影响[6-7]。丁希武等[8]的研究表明,光照强度随叶层的加深呈降低的趋势;王传宇等[9]利用半球图像法研究了玉米冠层的光照辐射强度分布,得出玉米冠层顶部的光照辐射较强,而冠层底部的光照辐射较低。……

登录APP查看全文