熊兴伟 杨浩 张文娥

摘 要：为了解决大丽花切花保鲜中因缺乏能源物质而衰老凋谢的问题，以大丽花切花品种“小粉色”为试验材料，以50 mg/L硝酸银+200 mg/L 8-HQC为基本瓶插液组分，研究了不同蔗糖浓度对大丽花瓶插寿命及部分生理特性的影响。结果表明：50 g/L的蔗糖对大丽花的切花保鲜效果最佳。瓶插寿命为16 d，比对照延长了9.7 d，提升了观赏品质，同时减缓了切花鲜重变化率和水分平衡值的下降幅度，减少MDA积累;提高了可溶性糖、叶片可溶性蛋白含量;SOD、CAT、POD活性也得到改善;增强了细胞膜的稳定性。

关键词：大丽花;蔗糖浓度;切花保鲜;瓶插寿命

Abstract：The cut flower cultivar ‘Little Pink of Dahlia was taken as experimental materials， and 50 mg/L silver nitrate + 200 mg/L 8-HQC was used as basic vase insertion solution to solve the problem of dahlia short vase life due to lack of energy substances in the preservation of cut dahlia flowers. The effects of different sucrose concentration on the life and some physiological characteristics of dahlia vases were studied. The results showed that sucrose concentration at 50 g/L had the best effect on the fresh-keeping of cut dahlia flowers. The vase life was 16 days， which was 9.7 days longer than that of control. It improves the ornamental quality， and slows down the decrease of fresh weight change rate and water balance value， and reduces the accumulation of MDA. The content of soluble sugar and leaf soluble protein was increased. SOD， CAT and POD activities were also improved. The stability of cell membrane was enhanced.

Keywords：Dahlia pinnata;Sucrose concentration;Cut flowers preservation;Vase life

大丽花（Dahlia pinnata Cav.）为菊科大丽花属多年生球根花卉，其花色亮丽，花型丰富，花朵硕大，品种多样，观赏价值极高。适宜于庭院栽植、园林绿化，是切花的优良花材，也是世界上栽培最广的观赏植物之一[1]。目前，大丽花在我国现存品种600多种，其开花衰老机理及保鲜方面的研究目前报道较少[2]。

大丽花叶子较多较大，花瓣柔软，对水分比较敏感。切花离体后，水分平衡被打乱，易脱水萎蔫，茎干易弯曲;同时养分源被切断，体内活性氧含量明显升高，导致瓶插寿命极大降低。花朵开放需要消耗大量能量，而糖作为主要的能量物质，在很大程度上決定了切花开放品质的优劣。研究表明，在瓶插液中适当添加糖类物质可以有效改善切花的瓶插质量[3]。糖类物质的主要作用是补充切花的呼吸基质，维持切花离体后的生理生化过程，蔗糖浓度含量太低，无法正常供应切花;含量太高可能影响渗透压调节，导致花茎收缩枯萎，导管堵塞，切花更易失水，从而降低切花的瓶插寿命及观赏价值[4]。……