郭超 王萍 姚茂明 牟力 付天岭 何腾兵

摘 要：為掌握山丘区谷地与河流阶地稻田土壤重金属含量的差异性，在贵州省镇远县金堡乡爱河村山丘区谷地和青溪镇鸡鸣村河流阶地分别采集了21个和27个田块的稻田土壤样品，测定了土壤的重金属镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铅（Pb）、锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）含量。结果表明：不同地形的土壤重金属含量具有很大的差异，谷地和河流阶地土壤中Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn、Cu含量的平均值分别为0.91、26.92、30.45、298.69、16.8 mg/kg和1.5、61.51、32.79、160.78、29.61 mg/kg，河流阶地的Cd、Cr、Cu含量大于山丘区谷地，山丘区谷地田块土壤中Zn的含量大于河流阶地。在山丘区谷地统计的试验田块Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu大于平均值的田块占比大，Cd和Zn统计的田块中接近均值的田块相对集中，Pb、Cr、Cu相反，空间分布上差异较大的重金属有Cd、Pb、Zn，其变异系数分别为76.5%、50.2%、23.1%，Cr含量小于均值的田块多于大于均值的田块，Cd和Zn含量最大值（1.76 mg/kg、593.29 mg/kg）与均值皆大于环境质量标准值及筛选值，在河流阶地统计的试验田块Cd、Cr、Pb、Zn、Cu大于平均值的田块占比大，Cr、Pb、Zn统计的田块中接近均值达田块相对集中，Cd、Cu相反。变异系数较大的重金属有Cd、Zn，其变异系数分别为54.3%、29.1%。田块之间的变异系数表明两地形中田块之间的重金属含量差异大于两地形的重金属含量。体现出了贵州“十里不同天，十步不同土”的土壤性质差异。

关键词：山丘区谷地;河流阶地;稻田土壤;重金属;田块差异

Abstract：For mastering ShanQiu District valley and river terraces of the difference of paddy soil heavy metal content in guizhou province town far county gold BaoXiang in love village ShanQiu District valley and crow QingXi town village river terraces were collected 21 and 27 plots in paddy soil samples，determination of the soil heavy metal cadmium （Cd），chromium （Cr），lead （Pb），zinc （zinc），copper （Cu） content，through analysis shows that： Soil heavy metal content has a big difference in different terrain，valley and river terraces in the soil Cd，Cr，Pb，zinc，the average of the Cu content were 0.91，26.92，30.45，298.69，16.8 mg/kg and 1.5，61.51，32.79，160.78，29.61 mg/kg，river terraces of Cd，Cr，Cu content than ShanQiu District valley，ShanQiu District valley field soil water content of zinc in river terraces. In ShanQiu District valley statistical test plots in Cd，Pb，zinc，Cu is greater than the average field than a large，Cd and recent statistics in the field close to the average field is relatively concentrated，Pb，Cr，Cu，in contrast，differences on the spatial distribution of heavy metal Cd，Pb，zinc，the coefficient of variation were 76.5%，50.2%，23.1%，Cr content is less than the average field more than than the mean field，Cd and zinc content in the maximum （1.76 mg/kg，593.29 mg/kg） and the mean is greater than the environment quality standard and filter value，In the test plots of river terrace statistics，the plots of Cd，Cr，Pb，Zn and Cu are larger than the mean value，and the plots of Cr，Pb and Zn are relatively concentrated，while the plots of Cd and Cu are on the contrary. The heavy metals with higher coefficient of variation were Cd and Zn，and the coefficient of variation was 54.3% and 29.1%，respectively. The coefficient of variation between the fields indicates that the difference of heavy metal content between the fields is greater than that between the two terrains. The coefficient of variation between the fields indicates that the difference of heavy metal content between the fields is greater than that between the two terrains. It reflects the difference of soil properties of "different days in ten li and different soil in ten steps" in Guizhou.

Keywords：Hilly valley;River terrace;Paddy soil;Heavy meta;Field difference

随着我国城市化和工业化的高速发展，农田土壤重金属污染问题越来越严重。造成土壤重金属污染的主要原因包括成土过程次生富集、土壤地质背景高和人类生产生活活动[1]，重金属进入土壤的主要途径有：采矿、冶炼、电镀、化工等工业“三废”的排放以及污水灌概、污泥农用、农药和化肥的不合理施用（尤其是含磷化肥）[2-3]。……