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电子稳定控制系统中横摆与侧翻控制综述

2021-04-26李少志赵飞邓惜仁王煜

汽车科技 2021年2期

李少志 赵飞 邓惜仁 王煜

摘  要:电子稳定控制系统(以下简称稳定控制系统)是当下乘用车装备较为普遍的主动安全控制系统,基础的稳定控制系统主要监控车辆的横摆,当目标横摆与实际横摆的差值的绝对值大于横摆门限时系统激活,通过制动将车辆的横摆控制在驾驶员可接受范围内,从而修正车辆的过度和不足转向。但对于静态稳定系数较小、悬架调教偏向舒适性的SUV车辆,在极限工况下,基础的系统仅能修正车辆横摆但不能抑制侧翻,因此需要增加防侧翻功能。防侧翻功能主要监控方向盘转角的速率、横向加速度的变化率、横摆角速度变化率等。防侧翻功能依据摩擦圆原理,通过增大轮胎与地面之间的纵向力来削弱横向力,进而削弱横向加速度,最终实现抑制车辆侧翻。

关键词:车身电子稳定控制系统;横摆稳定性;防侧翻功能;静态稳定系数;摩擦圆

中图分类号:U467.1+1     文献标识码:A     文章编号:1005-2550(2021)02-0096-08

Abstract: Electronic Stability Control System (hereinafter referred as ESC) is widely used in vehicle active safety control system, base ESC monitors vehicle s yaw rate. When the absolute value of the difference between target yaw rate and actual yaw rate exceed the threshold, yaw rate stability control active. Independently modifying the 4-wheels brake pressures to control the yaw rate within the driver acceptable range, amending over-steering and under-steering tendency. For vehicle with small SSF (Static Stability Factor) and soft suspension, base ESC can only amend yaw rate but without mitigate roll-over in critical dynamic situation. So RMI (Roll Movement Intervention) function needs added to lower the roll-over risk. RMI mainly monitoring steering wheel angle (hereinafter referred as SAS) gradient, lateral acceleration (hereinafter referred as Ay) gradient, yaw rate (hereinafter referred as YR) gradient, etc. RMI control logic is based on Kamm circle, by increasing longitudinal force (hereinafter referred as Fx) to decrease lateral force (hereinafter referred as Fy), then decrease Ay, finally mitigate the roll angle and lower the roll-over risk.

Key Words: Electronic Stability Control; Yaw Rate Stability; Roll Movement Intervention; static Stability Factor; Kamm Circle

前    言

在濕滑的道路行使时,如果遇到突发情况需要进行紧急避让,在ESP?问世之前,普通驾驶员往往很难在如此工况下保证车辆的行使稳定性,通常车辆会失控冲出铺装路面翻到沟里或不可避免地撞上障碍物,同时带来严重的人身伤亡[2]。但25年前,一项开创性的发明带来了突破性的解决方案——博世和戴姆勒-奔驰于1995年首次在奔驰S级车辆上装备了车身电子稳定控制程序ESP?[8],如图1中第五代产品所示。从此,即使在极端情况下,装备ESP?的车辆也可以安全稳定地维持在驾驶员所期望的行驶轨迹里[29]。……

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