龙一方 王梦 黄长福 马伊琍 麻浩

摘    要：矿区的生态恢复已经受到全球各国的高度重视，大量未治理的矿区是造成水土流失，土地荒漠化的重要诱因，对人类的生存和发展产生严重影响。为探究不同植被对干旱区矿区荒漠土壤的修复情况，以新疆哈密南湖二号矿区作为对象，研究了梭梭、竹柳、枸杞、苜蓿、红柳、沙枣、甘草7种植被种类覆盖对土壤理化性质的影响及植被的生长状况，研究结果表明：（1）受灌溉方式和水质的影响，会造成土壤pH值增加，可能會产生盐碱化造成二次土地退化。（2）植被种植能够增加研究区内土壤中全氮、全磷、速效钾、碱解氮，但大部分会减少全钾的含量，对速效磷的含量影响并不显著。（3）苜蓿、甘草、竹柳和枸杞能够改善土壤，提高土壤有机质含量。（4）从生态恢复效益来看，较为适宜种植的作物为苜蓿、甘草和梭梭，其中甘草和苜蓿又能产生较好的经济价值，适宜种植。

关键词：土壤修复效应;干旱区;土壤特征;植物生长;生态效益;哈密南湖二号煤矿

中图分类号： X53      文献标识码： A       DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.03.016

Different Vegetation Types Studied the Soil Restoration of the Hami Nanhu No.2 Coal Mine

LONG Yifang1， WANG Meng2， HUANG Changfu1， MA Yili3， MA Hao1

（1. Desert Ecological Restoration and Reconstruction Innovation Collaborative Center，School of Grass and Environmental Sciences， Xinjiang Agricultural University， Urumqi，Xinjiang 830001，China;2. State Grid Hami Coal Power Company Limited， No.2 mine of Dananhu， Hami，Xinjiang 839000，China; 3. Lanzhou Shengduo desert Protection Research Institute， Lanzhou，Gansu 730000，China）

Abstract： The ecological restoration of mining areas has been highly valued by all countries in the world. A large number of untreated mining areas are the important inducements of soil erosion and land desertification， which have a serious impact on human survival and development. Taking Nanhu No.2 Coal Pit in Hami， Xinjiang as the research object， the effects of different vegetation types such as Haloxylon ammodendron（C. A. Mey.） Bunge.， Salix hybrid， Lycium chinense Mill.， Medicago sativa， Tamarix ramosissima， Elaeagnus angustifolia Linn. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. on soil properties were studied in this paper. The results showed that： （1） affected by irrigation methods and water quality， soil pH value would increase， which might lead to salinization and secondary land degradation. （2） Vegetation planting can increase the content of total nitrogen， total phosphorus， available potassium and alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen， but most of them will reduce the content of total potassium， and the effect on the content of available phosphorus is not significant. （3） Medicago Sativa， Glycyrrhiza uralensis， Salix hybrid and Lycium chinense could improve soil organic matter content. （4） From the perspective of ecological restoration benefits， Medicago Sativa， Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Haloxylon ammodendron are more suitable for planting， among which licorice and alfalfa can produce better economic value and are suitable for planting.

Keywords： soil remediation effect; arid area; soil characteristics; plant growth; ecological benefits; Nanhu No.2 coal mine in Hami

土壤是人类赖以生存的载体，为人类生产、生活提供主要物质来源的途径之一[1]。矿区的工业生产建设会对植被和土壤环境造成较大的破坏。哈密南湖二号煤矿属于露天煤矿，并且当地地处干旱地区生态環境脆弱，植被和土壤的破坏对环境会造成巨大影响。因此需要在兼顾发展的同时对矿区进行土壤植的修复，恢复土壤环境的系统功能，以实现土地的再利用[2-4]。……