王安丽 李文胜 周文静 吴泽珍 张振军 胡安鸿

摘    要：對比不同化学疏果剂对‘红富士苹果的疏除效果及成本，筛选出适宜阿克苏‘红富士苹果的化学疏果剂及浓度，以减少工人疏花成本，调控树体负载量，提升果品品质。以盛果期‘新红1号为试材，实采用正交试验设计方法在果实直径6～8 mm、10～12 mm、14～16 mm和18～20 mm时喷施不同浓度西维因、萘乙酸、6-BA、疏果剂（山东），以人工疏果为对照，分析化学疏果剂的疏除效果、成本以及对品质的影响。不同种类、不同浓度的化学疏果剂疏除效果不同，成本相差较大，对果实品质差异不同。通过单果占比、双果占比、空台率、疏除率、果实横径和成本支出综合比较，盛果期树幼直径6～8 mm时喷施800 mg·L-1西维因的疏除效果与人工疏果效果最相近，成本仅为人工疏果的13.08%;幼果直径10～12 mm时喷施1 200 mg·L-1西维因的疏除效果与人工疏果效果最相近，成本为人工疏果的16.59%;幼果直径14～16 mm时喷施400 mg·L-1西维因效果与人工疏果效果最相近，成本为人工疏果的9.57%;幼果直径18～20 mm时喷施150 mg·L-16-BA效果与人工疏果效果最相近，成本为人工疏果的67.74%。上述各处理对果实主要品质影响不显著。

关键词：富士苹果;化学疏果剂;坐果率;成本;品质

中图分类号：S661.1          文献标识码：A         DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.03.005

Effects of Different Chemical Fruit Thinning Agents on the Fruit Thinning Effect and Quality of 'Fuji' Apple

WANG Anli1， LI Wensheng1， ZHOU Wenjing1， WU Zezhen1， ZHANG Zhenjun2， HU Anhong2

（1.College of Forestry and Horticulture， Xinjiang Agricultural University， Urumqi，Xinjiang 830052， China， 2. Aksu Regional Institute of Forestry Science， Aksu， Xinjiang 843000， China）

Abstract： Comparison the effect and cost of chemical fruit thinners on 'red Fuji' apples， find suitable chemicals and its concentration which can well reduce costs and regulate the load and improve quality in Aksu. 'Xinhong No. 1' was used as the test material in the full fruit period. The orthogonal design method was used to spray different concentrations of carbaryl， NAA， 6-BA and fruit thinning agent （Shandong） on the fruit diameter of 6-8 mm， 10-12 mm， 14-16 mm and 18-20 mm. The effect， cost and quality of chemical fruit thinning agent on the fruit thinning were analyzed. Different kinds and concentrations of chemical thinning agents have different thinning effects， different cost and different fruit quality. Through comprehensive comparison of single fruit set rate， double fruit set rate， empty fruit rate， flower thinning rate， fruit diameter and costs，when the fruit diameter was 6-8 mm， high yield stage trees the effect of spraying 800 mg·L-1 of Carbaryl was the closest to hand-thinned， and the cost was only 13.08% of the hand-thinned;when the fruit diameter was 10-12 mm， the effect of spraying 1 200 mg·L-1 of Carbaryl was the closest to the hand-thinned， and the cost was 16.59% of hand-thinned; the effect of spraying 400 mg·L-1 of Carbaryl on 14-16 mm fruit was the closest to the effect of hand-thinned， the cost was 9.57% of the hand-thinned; the effect of spraying 150 mg·L-1 6-BA on 18-20 mm was similar to the effect of hand-thinned， and the cost was 67.74% of hand-thinned. The main quality of the fruit was not significant difference.

Key words： 'Fuji' apple; chemical thinning agent; fruit setting rate; cost; quality

苹果是世界上最重要的水果之一，以其丰富的营养，优美的果形，艳丽的色泽而深受人民喜爱，多年来栽培面积和产量一直增长[1]。目前我国栽培面积和总产量均居世界第一，已成为世界上最大的苹果生产和消费国，苹果生产在促进农民脱贫致富，改善农村经济状况，促进农业产业化方面起到了重大作用，但也仍面临苹果品质不优以及人工成本过高的突出问题。……