商佳胤 李凯 张鹤 田淑芬 苏宏 王丹 董永

摘    要：为了研究碳氮比对葡萄冬季修剪废弃物的堆肥效果，以设施种植的夏黑葡萄冬季修剪枝条为试材，设置了C /N为15、20、25、30、35等5个处理，测定了堆肥温度、总有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾等营养指标以及蛋白酶、脲酶、纤维素酶、硝酸还原酶和蔗糖酶等酶活性指标。结果表明：C/N 30和C/N 35两个处理堆肥温度超过50 ℃的时间最长，均为11 d;C/N 25和C/N 30碳转化率更高，分别为22.54%和20.55%;C/N 30可以显著提高堆肥前期的积温，为堆肥创造较好的高温环境;相关性分析表明，蛋白酶、脲酶和硝酸还原酶活性与总有机碳、全氮和C/N具有更显著的相关性，能更好的反应堆肥效果，可以作为堆肥进程生化指标。综合评价，以C/N为30的葡萄冬季修剪废弃物堆肥效果最佳。

关键词：葡萄;碳氮比;修剪废弃物;堆肥

中图分类号：S141.4;S663.1           文献标识码：A         DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.03.004

Effect of Carbon-nitrogen Ratio on the Composting Effect of Grape Pruning Waste in Winter

SHANG Jiayin1， LI Kai1， ZHANG He1， TIAN Shufen2， SU Hong1， WANG Dan1， DONG Yong3

（1. Tianjin  Academy of Agriculture Sciences，Tianjin 300192， China; 2. Tianjin Agricultural University， Tianjin 300384， China; 3.Tianjin Shuangjie Agricultural Technology Company Limited， Tianjin 300403， China）

Abstract： To study the compost effect of carbon-nitrogen ratio on grape winter pruning waste， Winter pruning branches of summer black grape planted in facility were used as test materials， C /N were set up with 5 treatments which was 15、20、25、30、35， Nutrient indexes such as compost temperature， total organic carbon， total nitrogen， total phosphorus and total potassium， and enzyme activities such as protease， urease， cellulase， nitrate reductase and sucrase were determined. The results showed that， C/N 30 and C/N 35 treatments had the longest time of compost temperature over 50℃， both of which were 11d.The carbon conversion rates of C/N 25 and C/N 30 were 22.54% and 20.55%， respectively. C/N 30 could significantly increase the accumulated temperature in the early stage of compost and create a better high temperature environment for compost. Correlation analysis showed that the activities of protease， urease and nitrate reductase were more significantly correlated with total organic carbon， total nitrogen and C/N， which could better reflect the composting effect and could be used as biochemical indexes in the composting process. According to the comprehensive evaluation， C/N 30 compost had the best effect.

Key words： grape; C/N; cut waste; composting

近几年，随着我国葡萄产业的快速发展，葡萄园修剪废弃物的无害化处理显得越来越重要。根据本课题组前期的研究，不同葡萄品种和种植模式在丰产期每年每公顷可以产生1 650～2 550 kg不等的冬季修剪废弃物，如果采用随意丢弃甚至焚烧的方式，会给葡萄园及农村环境造成极大的负面影响;同时，前人的研究表明，葡萄枝条中含有大量的木质纤维素和有机成分，作为燃料燃烧或简单的填埋无法实现葡萄园可持续发展的要求，而堆肥处理则成为一种必然趋势[1]。冬季修剪枝条中含有葡萄生长所需的大量元素[2]和微量元素[3-4]，以葡萄修剪废弃物为原料进行堆肥，可以有效增加葡萄园土壤孔隙率与透气性，最终达到果园废物“零”排放和减少果园化肥施用量的目的。……